CBC.pptx

complete blood count

1. CBC Complete blood count USAMA MUSTAFA

2. outline Definition Causes Diagnosis Risk factors Treatment Nursing role

3. What is complete blood count? A complete blood count (CBC) is a test that counts the cells that make up your blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Your doctor may order a CBC as part of a routine checkup or to:

4. Check for anemia, a condition that causes you to have fewer red blood cells than usual Find out if you have another health issue or to explain symptoms like weakness, fever, bruising, or feeling tired Keep an eye on a blood condition See how medications, medical conditions, or treatments like chemotherapy are affecting your blood

5. How is a CBC Done? If the CBC is the only blood test you are having, you can eat and drink like you usually would. Your part of the test is simple and takes just a few minutes. A nurse or lab tech will take a sample of blood by putting a needle into a vein in your arm. Afterward, you can leave and get back to your routine. They will send the blood to a lab for review.

6. What Does a CBC Measure? The test can tell your doctor a lot about your overall health. It measures : •White blood cells (WBCs). These help your body fight germs. If you have too many of them, it could be a sign of inflammation, infection, a medical reaction, or another health condition. If it’s low, you could be at a higher risk for infection. A medication, a viral infection, or a bone marrow disease could also cause a low count.

7. •Red blood cells (RBC). These deliver oxygen throughout your body. They also help carry carbon dioxide. If your RBC count is too low, you may have anemia or another condition. •Hemoglobin ( Hb or Hgb ). This is the protein in your blood that holds oxygen •Hematocrit ( Hct ). This test tells how much of your blood is made up of red blood cells. A low score may be a sign that you don’t have enough iron, the mineral that helps your body make red blood cells. A high score could mean you’re dehydrated or have another condition.

8. •Mean corpuscular volume (MCV ). This is the average size of your red blood cells. If they’re bigger than usual, your MCV will be higher. That could happen if you have low vitamin B12 or folate levels. If your red blood cells are smaller, you could have a type of anemia. •Platelets . These help your blood clot.

9. CBC Results When you get your report, you’ll see two columns : a “reference range” and your results. If your results are inside the reference range, they’re considered normal. If your results are higher or lower than the reference range, they’re abnormal. Mild anemia is one of the most common reasons your results might be off.

10. Each lab has different ways of studying your blood. So the reference range will depend on the lab that handles your blood tests. It’s also based on things that can affect your blood like your age, your sex, and how high above sea level you live . In general, the reference ranges are:

11. • White blood cells : 4500 to 11,000 cells per microliter ( cells/ mcL ) • Red blood cells : 4.5 million to 5.9 million cells/ mcL for men; 4.1 million to 5.1 million cells/ mcL for women • Hemoglobin : 14 to 17.5 grams per deciliter ( gm / dL ) for men; 12.3 to 15.3 gm / dL for women • Hematocrit : 41.5% to 50.4% for men; 35.9% to 44.6% for women • Mean corpuscular volume : 80 to 96 • Platelets : 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/ mcL

12. What Else Might My CBC Tell Me?

13. Why do healthcare providers order CBCs? CBCs are an important part of a yearly physical exam . Providers also order CBCs to monitor the side effects of some prescription medications . Your provider may order a CBC to: • Detect abnormalities in your blood that may be signs of disease. • Diagnose or monitor many different disorders, conditions and infections. • Evaluate your overall health. • Rule out conditions, disorders and disease. • Monitor various blood diseases.

14. - Healthcare providers use complete blood counts to manage disease and help you stay healthy. With one sample of blood, CBCs can help screen for hundreds of disorders, conditions and infections. A CBC can detect conditions early, sometimes before you have symptoms, so treatment can start as soon as possible . CBCs are an essential tool in maintaining good overall health .

15. When is a CBC performed? You may need a CBC if you have symptoms such as: • Bruising or bleeding. • Fatigue, dizziness or weakness. • Fever, nausea and vomiting. • Inflammation (swelling and irritation) anywhere in the body. • Joint pain. • Problems with heart rate or blood pressure

16. What are the risks of this test? A CBC is a safe, common test. There are no risks involved, and your provider only removes a small amount of blood. Rarely, some people feel a little faint or lightheaded after a CBC.

17. What does a CBC detect? A CBC blood test can help your provider diagnose a wide range of conditions, disorders, diseases and infections, including : •Anemia (when there aren’t enough red blood cells to carry oxygen through the body). •Bone marrow disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes

18. •Disorders such as agranulocytosis and thalassemias and sickle cell anemia. •Infections or other problems that cause abnormally low white blood cell count or high white blood cell count. •Several types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma. •Side effects of chemotherapy and some prescription medications. •Vitamin and mineral deficiencies

19. Nursing Considerations 1. Explain test procedure. Explain that slight discomfort may be felt when the skin is punctured. 2. Encourage to avoid stress if possible because altered physiologic status influences and changes normal hematologic values. 3. Explain that fasting is not necessary. However, fatty meals may alter some test results as a result of lipidemia .

20. 4 . Apply manual pressure and dressings over puncture site on removal of dinner. 5 . Monitor the puncture site for oozing or hematoma formation. 6 . Instruct to resume normal activities and diet.

21. What are the benefits of this test? A CBC gives your provider a picture of your overall health. Using a small amount of blood, a CBC can help detect hundreds of conditions, disorders and infections. It allows your provider to monitor your health, screen for disease and plan and adjust treatment.

22. When should I know the result of the test? Results are usually ready within a few days . Sometimes it only takes 24 hours to get results. Your provider will contact you to explain the results and discuss next steps. If your blood cell counts are outside of the normal range, your provider may order follow-up tests.

23. What should I expect after the test? You’ll have some gauze and a bandage on your arm, secured with tape. Your arm may be a little sore for a few hours. You may develop a small bruise where your provider inserted the needle.

24. When should I call my doctor or nurse? your provider will review the results of your CBC with you. If you have questions about the results, call your provider.

25. Thank you