Cell transport

transport across cells,animated and detailed slide.

1. CELLULAR TRANSPORT AKASH CHAUHAN ROLL NO-2 BATCH-2017-18

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

3. OVERVIEW OF CELL MEMBRANE TYPES OF CELLULAR TRANSPORTS PASSIVE TRANSPORT SIMPLE DIFFUSION FACILITATED DIFFUSION OSMOSIS ACTIVE TRANSPORT PRIMARY SECONDARY VESICULAR TRANSPORT CONTENTS

4. CELL MEMBRANE 1.DOUBLE LAYER OF PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER. PHOSPHATE HEAD FATTY ACID TAIL PROTEINS 2.IT CONTAINS PROTEINS(60-70%) LIPID(40-50%). 3.CELL MEMBRANE IS- SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE IT HAS MEMBRANE PROTEINS # INTEGRAL PROTEINS # PUMPS #CHANNEL PROTIENS #CARRIER PROTIENS THESE PROTIENS HELP IN TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE

5. Passive Transport When a cell uses no energy to move particles across a membrane passive transport occurs Particles go DOWN their concentration gradient. all diffusion & osmosis are passive transport .

6. Move from HIGH to LOW Simple Diffusion inside cell outside cell fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat fat LOW HIGH

7. Move from HIGH to LOW through a channel (has a helper) Facilitated Diffusion inside cell outside cell sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar LOW HIGH

8. Osmosis diffusion of water from HIGH concentration of water to LOW concentration of water across a semi-permeable membrane Osmosis

9. Active Transport Movement of materials through a membrane against a concentration gradient and requires energy from the cell. IT IS OF TWO TYPES A) PRIMARY B)SECONDARY

10. PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT Primary active transport is the transport of sustances uphill using energy ( ATP hydrolysis) It cause a conformational change that results in the transport of the molecule through the protein. Eg . Na+-K+ pump.

11. Na/ K ATPase pumps The most common: Na/K ATPase pumps reestablish membrane potential. Present in all cells. Two K + ions are exchanged with 3 Na + ions

12. Secondary active transport The transport of substances against a concentration gradient involving energy to establish a gradient across the cell membrane, utilizes the gradient to transport a molecule of interest up its concentration gradient . Eg cotransport (Na/glucose cotransport ) countertransport

13. Exocytosis and Endocytosis transport large molecules uses energy Exocytosis [ exo = outside] movement of large materials OUT of the cell ~a vesicle may fuse with the membrane and expel its contents CYTOPLASM FLUID OUTSIDE CELL

14. 2 . Endocytosis [ endo = inside] movement of large materials to INSIDE of the cell ~membrane may fold inward, trapping materials from the outside

15. APPLIED ABNORMALTIES IN NA/K PUMP CARDIAC FAILURE-↓SED NO. OF Na/K PUMP IN HEART HYPERTENSION-↑SED NO. OF Na/K PUMP IN RENAL TUBULE ABNORMALTIES IN ION CHANNEL Na CHANNEL - MUSCLE SPASM K CHANNEL – CARDIAC FAILURE CL CHANNEL- RENAL STONE FORMATION,CYSTIC FIBROSIS

16. BIBLIOGRAPHY Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology E-Book (Guyton Physiology) Essentials of Medical Physiology by k.sembulingum Google Slideshare 5. Ganongs Review Of Medical Physiology 25th Edition

17. Than K You