Cellular evolution

Cellular Evolution from 3.8 billion years to DNA world

1. CELLULAR EVOLUTION Jyothi Kamble M.Sc BioInformatics

2. INDEX Introduction Time flow of origin of cell Process Primordial soup RNA world hypothesis DNA world Organelles of cell Cell types Reference

3. All the living organisms are made up of cells. A living cell may be defined as a compartment enclosed by a membrane that consists of several chemical constituents and is capable of propagating itself by division. Activity of an organism is dependent on the activities of its cells. There are two stages in evolution of the cell; chemical evolution and biological evolution. INTRODUCTION

4. A simplified time flow of the origin of cell. Origin of earth ------------------------4.5 billions years ago Oldest rock-----------------------------3.9 billions years ago First cell----------------------------------3.5 billions years ago

5. How cell is evolved? ATOMS MOLECULES BIOMONOMER MACROMOLECULES PLOYMER COMPLEXES CELL

6. PROCESS - In early year after formation of solar system, terrestrial planets continued to be bombarded by smaller bodied of various size at the last of particulate material from the formation of planets, was swept up by their gravitational pull. Later planet cooled.

7. Primordial soup stage :- For the initial formation of primitive living require a specific supporting chemical environment Early earth have a chemically reducing atmosphere, which when exposed to energy in various forms. By that energy produced a variety of simple organic compounds. Organic compounds accumulated in a molecular ‘organic soup’. And aslo many building block of life compound’s also formed

8. Formation of complex organic molecules :- Nucleotide – compounds of 3 subunit molecule Nitrogen containing base 5 carbon sugar Phosphate

9. Nucleotide :- it has many important functions and forms nucleic acid nucleotide bounded together to form RNA. Nucleic acid :- It has many important functions and role to formation of RNA and DNA RNA were made using free floating nucleotides that in primordial soup of molecules.

10. Protein :- On the other hand, Proteins are formed., and aslo hasve many functions . And work great as molecular machines. But it store information and copy them selves. So they need DNA for that. And helps in translation.

11. So, which came first ? (DNA/RNA/Protein)

12. What is RNA World hypothesis ?

13. Survival of the Fittest Game ,

14. Gradually, RNA enclosed by membrane and other molecules also reacted to form first cell .

15. DNA :- In other hand somewhere along the life DNA is formed by RNA. Here, DNA become stable archive of genetic information that stored blue print for most successful RNA and protein molecules.

16. Organelles of cell CHROMOSOME

17. RIBOSOME

18. LYSOSOMAL APPARATUS

19. GOLGI APPARATUS

20. MITOCHONDRIA

21. CHLOROPLAST

22. Cell types

23. Prokaryotic cell

24. Eukaryotic cell

25. REFERENCES :- Khan Academy app Byjus app https://www2.gwu.edu/~darwin/BiSc151/Origin/origin.html Ncert book https://www.scribd.com/document/435794235/Unit1-pdf ( IGNOU book ) https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/EranEarland/ib-topic-15-cell-origins

26. THANK YOU