Cellular respiration .ppt

celjsko disanje

2. ENERGY
All living things need a continuous
supply of energy to carry on their
life activities. Some of these
energy is needed for physical or
mechanical work.

3. LIVING THINGS TAKE ENERGY FROM
FOODSTUFFS BY CELLULAR RESPIRATION .

4. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

The break down of glucose
with the use of oxygen or
enzymes is called
cellular respiration.

5. Types of Respiration
1-Anaerobic respiration.
(Fermentation)
2-Aerobic respiration.

6. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
*Anaerobic respiration is form of
respiration that does not requires
oxygen for the release of energy
from food molecules, such as
glucose.
*Yeast and many forms of bacteria
produce energy by anaerobic
respiration(fermentation)

7. Characteristics of anaerobic
respiration
*Anaerobic respiration takes place
in cytoplasm.
*Little energy is produced and
stored as ATP
*Controlled by an enzyme.
*Oxygen is not used
*Alcohol or Lactic acid is produced

8. Types of Anaerobic
Respiration:
-Fermentation is divided into 2
types according to their end
product.
* Alcoholic fermentation.
* Lactic acid fermentation.

9. Alcoholic fermentation
C6H12O6 + 2ATP
2CO2 + 2C2H5OH + 4ATP + Heat
Enzymes
Ethyl Alcohol
Fermentation that forms alcohol
is called alcoholic fermentation

12. Lactic acid fermentation
C6H12O6 + 2ATP
Enzymes
2C3H6O3 + 4ATP + Heat
Fermentation that forms lactic acid
is called lactic acid fermentation.

13. ENERGY PRODUCTION
4 ATP molecules are formed per
glucose molecule. However two
ATP are used to energize of
glucose molecule. So the net
energy output of fermentation is
2 ATP for a glucose molecule.

14. AEROBİC RESPİRATİON
*Aerobic respiration is form of
respiration that requires oxygen
for the release of energy from
food molecules, such as
glucose.

15. Characteristics of
aerobic respiration
*Aerobic respiration takes place in
mitochondria of the cell.
*Large amounts of energy is
produced and stored as ATP end of
the aerobic respiration.
*Controlled by an enzyme.
*Oxygen is used.
*CO2 and H2O are produced.

18. Reaction of
Aerobic Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP
Enzymes

19. Steps of Aerobic
respiration
1-Glycolysis – in cytoplasm.
2-Krebs cycle - in matrix
3-ETS in cristae

20. Glycolysis
*The splitting of a glucose into two
molecules of pyruvic acid is called
glycolysis.
*It takes place in cytoplasm.
*The net profit is 2 ATP
*This step is the same in both
aerobic and anaerobic respiration

21. GLYCOLYSIS
GLUCOSE + 2 ATP
2 NADH2
4 ATP
2 PYRUVATE
After formation of pyruvate it goes to
mitochondria.

23. If there are oxygen molecules in
mitochondrion pyruvate changes
to acetyl CoA (Ac Co A).
2 NADH2 and CO2 are produced
in this reaction.
Ac CoA has 2 carbon atoms.
Ac Co A

24. 2 PYRUVATE + 2 O2
2 CO2
Ac Co A
FORMATION OF Ac Co A
3 C 2 C

25. Krebs Cycle
*The series of chemical reactions
that begin with the Ac Co A is
called krebs cycle
In Krebs cycle
2 acetyl CoA
6 NADH+H,
2 FADH2
2 ATP are produced.

26. Oxaloacetic Acid (4C)
Ac Co A (2C)
Sitric Acid (6C)
Ketoglutaric
acid (5
C)
CO2
NADH2
NADH2
FADH2
ATP

28. Electron Transport
System
*Highly organized system of enzymes and
coenzymes is called Electron Transport
System (chain)
* A series of oxidation – reduction reactions
take place
*32 ATP are produced by the ETS for each
molecule of glucose.

29. HYDROGEN ACCEPTOR
Hydrogen atoms are carried by NAD,
FAD, cytochromes and O2. These are
called hydrogen (electron) acceptor.
Oxygen becomes the final hydrogen
acceptor, combining with hydrogen to
form water.
Click

31. Comparison of Aerobic and
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration
1-Uses oxygen.
2-CO2 and H2O are
produced.
3-Large amount of
energy is released.
4-Seen in many
organisms.
5-CO2 is always made
1-Does not use oxygen
2-Alcohol or Lactic acid is
produced.
3-Small amount of energy
is released
4-Seen in some simple
organisms.
5-CO2 is sometimes made

32. Similarities Between Aerobic
and Anaerobic respiration
•Both of them have glycolysis
•Controlled by an enzyme.
•CO2 is produced
•The formation of ATP

35. COMPARING
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
1.Only plants make
photosynthesis
1.All living things make respiration
2.Light energy is used
3.Takes place in light
4.CO2 is used
5.Water is used
6.O2 is produced
7.Glucose is produced
2.Energy is released
3.Light isn’t necessary
4.CO2 is produced.
5.Water is produced
6.O2 is used
7.Glucose is used