Central Armed Police Forces and CPOs.pptx

In the PPT one get information about Reserved Paramilitary Forces and the relevant laws.

1. What are reserved or paramilitary forces ?  We can define paramilitary forces as “ forces or groups that are distinct from the regular armed forces of country , but resembling them in organization, equipment training , or mission “. In India paramilitary forces are those government organization that help military forces, police and other organizations in law and order management, disaster management and control civil agitations.

2. CAPF is classified into three groups: Border Guarding Forces Assam Rifles  (AR) Border Security Force  (BSF) Indo-Tibetan Border Police  (ITBP) Sashastra Seema Bal  (SSB) Special Task Force National Security Guard  (NSG) Forces for Internal Security Central Industrial Security Force  (CISF) Central Reserve Police Force  (CRPF)

3. Principal Laws regulating CAPF organizations: The Central Armed Police Forces (Assam Rifles) Act, 1949 The Border Security Force Act, 1968. The Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force Act, 1992. The Sashastra Seema Bal Act, 2007 The Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968 The Central Reserve Police Force Act, 1949 The National Security Guard Act, 1986

4. The paramilitary forces of India are world’s second largest after the Chinese people’s armed force which has 1.5 million personnel. In comparison to civilian police force , paramilitary force may provide a more disciplined force whose military capabilities make them more capable of dealing with all types of violence

5. Why there is a need for paramilitary forces ? With it’s large area, diversity and kilometers of borders, India needs specialized forces that can maintain law and order in disturbed areas and keep vigilance on borders. Also there may arise diverse conditions due to natural as well as manmade catastrophe or civil agitations

6. Some of main operations by paramilitary forces are 1 . Combating terrorism. This include antiterrorism and counterterrorism. 2 . Anti-smuggling operations. 3 . Humanitarian assistance. This include operations to retrieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disaster 4 . Support civil authorities. 5 . Non-combatant evaluation operations.

7. ASSAM RIFLES: OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE : To guard the Indo-Myanmar border and conduct Counter Insurgency operations in the North East. ROLE : Nominated as the Border Guarding force and the Lead Intelligence Agency for the Indo-Myanmar border and mandated to undertake Counter Insurgency operations in the North Eastern States and other areas as deemed necessary under the operational control of the Army . CAPABILITY : (a) Border Guarding. (b) Counter Insurgency Operations. (c) Aid to Civil authorities. (d) Undertake defensive operations and Rear Area Security during conventional War. Oldest paramilitary force in India Since 1835

8. Border security force (largest dedicated border guarding force in the world: 192 battalions):- Task: Promote a sense of security among the people living in the border areas. Prevent trans-border crimes , unauthorized entry into or exit from the territory of India. Prevent smuggling and any other illegal activities . Help civil administration in maintenance of public order. CAPABILITY : BSF is well capable of guarding 6386.36 Km (2289.66 Km –Indo-Pak Borders, 4096.7 Km Indo-BD Borders) of the International Borders (IB) and 237.2 Km of the Line of Control (LC). In addition, BSF is capable & efficient enough to take on other challenges effectively like Counter-Insurgency/Anti-Militancy/Anti- Naxal Operations , Election Duties , Law & Order Duties , UN Peace Keeping Missions , Disaster Management and National/ International level functions and any other tasks assigned by the Government of India .

9. Central Industrial security force: CISF came into existence in the year 1969 and is today perhaps the largest Industrial Security Force in the world with a sanctioned strength of more than 1.30 lakhs . OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE: To provide security and consultancy to the Public Sector and Private Sector under takings and also to provide security to the VIPs. ROLE & TASK CISF provides physical security to critical infrastructure units of the country. Its main tasks include crime prevention & control, protection of employees and provision of security to the buildings . It also provides fire protection to industrial under takings . CAPABILITY:- CISF is a premier multi-skilled security agency of the country, mandated to provide security to all public sector undertakings & private sector undertakings. CISF is currently providing security cover to 307 units . The services provided by CISF include: Fire Protection services Consultancy

10. Central reserved police force: CRPF came into existence as the Crown Representative’s Police on July 27, 1939 at Neemuch (MP) to assist the princely States in maintenance of law & order . The Force was re-named as Central Reserve Police Force by an Act of parliament on December 28, 1949, which was made applicable retrospectively w.e.f . August 15, 1947. Over 3 lac personnel are there. ROLE & TASK The mission of the CRPF is to enable the government to maintain rule of law, public order and internal security effectively and efficiently to preserve national integrity and promote social harmony and development by upholding supremacy of the constitution of country. In performing these tasks with utmost regard for human dignity and freedom of citizens of India, the force endeavours to achieve excellence in management of internal security and national calamities by placing service and loyalty above self.

11. Indo- Tibetian border police:  ITBP is multidimensional force.  ITBP battalions are also deployed on anti-terrorism duties and VIP security duties in strategic locations.  ITBP conducts long range and short range patrols to keep an effective vigil on inaccessible and unmanned areas on border. It is deployed for guarding duties on the  Indo-China border  from  Karakoram Pass  in  Ladakh  to  Diphu Pass  in  Arunachal Pradesh  covering a total distance of 3,488 km.

12. National security guards: Important role of NSG is to fight terrorism in whatever form it may assume in areas where activity of terrorists assumes serious proportions and state police can not cope up with the situations. NSG was conceptualized and created after studying and analyzing Special Force like SAS in the United Kingdom , GIGN in France , GSG-9 in Germany , Shar -et- matkal in Israel and DELTA in the USA . Accordingly, NSG was raised on 16th Oct, 1985 as a Federal Contingency Force under the MHA. It consists of selected and highly motivated personnel from the Army as well as the Para Military Force. 53% of the personnel are drawn from the Army while the Para Military Forces like BSF, CRPF and ITBP contribute 47%. NSG is a task oriented Force and has two complementary elements in the form of the Special Action Group (SAG) comprising Army personnel and the Special Ranger Group (SRG) comprising personnel drawn from the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)/State Police Organizations .

13. SASHASTRA SEEMA BAL SSB came into existence under the name “Special Service Bureau” under MEA in early 1963 in the wake of Indo-China conflict and later placed under Prime Minister Secretariat. SSB came under Cabinet Secretariat on 01.09.1965. SSB is the newest Border Guarding Force of Union of India entrusted with the guarding of Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan Borders . It is guarding Indo-Nepal since 2001 and Indo-Bhutan Border since 2004.

14. Central Police Organization Civil Defence, Fire Services & Home Guards Intelligence Bureau Central Bureau of Investigation Bureau of Police Research & Development. (BPRD) National Crime Records Bureau National Investigation Agency Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad. North Eastern Police Academy, Shillong . National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science. (NICFS) National Disaster Response Force. (NDRF) https://www.mha.gov.in/en/about-us/central-police-organization

15. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is a governmental agency belonging to Government of India that serves as a criminal investigation body . The CBI is a premier investigating police agency in India like FBI in USA. It is an elite force which plays a major role in preservation of values in public life and in ensuring the health of the national economy. It is also the nodal police agency in India which coordinates investigation on behalf of Interpol Member countries.  It operates under the jurisdiction of the  Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions but was initially established by MHA resolution. MISSION To uphold the Constitution of India and law of the land through in-depth investigation and successful prosecution of offences; to provide leadership and direction to Police Forces and to act as the Nodal Agency for enhancing interstate and international cooperation in law enforcement.

16. History The agency was established in 1941 as the Special Police Establishment . The Central Bureau of Investigation was later established on 1 April 1963 . Its motto is “Industry, Impartiality, Integrity” on the recommendation of Santhanam Committee . As the CBI, over the years, established a reputation of being India’s premier investigative agency with adequate resources to deal with complicated cases, demands were made on it to take up investigation of more cases of conventional crime such as murder, kidnapping, terrorism, etc.

17. It was therefore decided in 1987 to constitute two investigation divisions in the CBI, namely, Anti-Corruption Division and Special Crimes Division , the latter dealing with cases of conventional crime, besides economic offences. The CBI reports to the Indian Government and not to the individual states. The CBI is headed by a Director, an IPS of the rank of Director General of Police or Commissioner of Police (State). He is selected based on the procedure laid down by CVC Act 2003 and has a tenure of minimum of 2 years .

18. Central Bureau of Investigation

19. Jurisdiction powers, privileges and liabilities The legal powers of investigation of CBI are derived from the DSPE Act 1946 . This Act confers concurrent and coextensive powers, duties, privileges and liabilities on the members of Delhi Special Police Establishment (CBI) with Police Officers of the Union Territories. The Central Government may extend to any area, besides Union Territories, the powers and jurisdiction of members of the CBI for investigation subject to the consent of the Government of the concerned State. The CBI can investigate only such of the offences as are notified by the Central Government under the DSPE Act.

20. NATIONAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY (NIA)

21. The NIA is the central counter- terrorism law enforcement agency in the country. It was created in 2008 after the Mumbai terror attack the same year. The NIA can investigate terror cases across the country without having to get permission from the states. The agency investigates terror offences, waging war against the country, offences on nuclear facilities, etc. It came in to force after the Parliament passed the National Investigation Agency Act 2008 The agency’s aim is to become a professional investigating agency matching global standards. It also aims at being a deterrent for existing and potential terrorist, apart from being a storehouse of information on terrorism The NIA functions under the Home Affairs Ministry. The agency is headquartered in New Delhi and has 8 regional offices across India. It is headed by Director-General (an IPS Officer). The NIA maintains the ‘NIA Most Wanted List’.

22. National Investigation Agency – Regional Offices NIA Headquarters, New Delhi NIA Branch Office, Hyderabad, Telegana NIA Branch Office, Guwahati, Assam NIA Branch Office, Kochi, Kerala NIA Branch Office, Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh NIA Branch Office, Mumbai, Maharashtra NIA Branch Office, Kolkata, West Bengal NIA Branch Office, Raipur NIA Branch Office, Jammu NIA Branch Office, Chandigarh NIA Branch Office, Ranchi NIA Branch Office, Chennai NIA Branch Office, Imphal NIA Branch Office, Bengaluru NIA Branch Office, Patna NIA Branch Office, Bhubaneshwar NIA Branch Office, Jaipur NIA Branch Office, Bhopal NIA Branch Office, Ahmedabad https://www.nia.gov.in/contactus.htm

23. Vision of the NIA The NIA aims to be a thoroughly professional investigative agency matching the best international standards . The NIA aims to set the standards of excellence in counter terrorism and other national security related investigation at the national level by developing in to a highly traied, partnership oriented workforce. The NIA aims to creating Deterrence for existing and potential terrorist groups/individuals. The NIA aims to develop as a storehouse of all terrorist related information.

24. NIA Mission The stated missions of the NIA are as follows: Investigate professionally the scheduled offences utilizing the latest scientific methods . Facilitating a speedy and effective trial . Becoming a result-oriented and professional organization, that upholds the Indian constitution and the law of the land, and that gives utmost importance to human rights and dignity. Creating a professional workforce through the means of regular training and best practice exposure. Showing scientific temper and aspirit of progress while discharging their duties. Ushering in the latest technology and modern methods in the activities of the NIA. Having cordial relations with the central and state governments, and other law enforcement agencies of the country. Helping the states and other agencies with the investigation of terror-related cases. Create and share with states and other agencies with the investigation of terror-related cases. Create and share with states and other agencies a database of all information to terrorists. Analysing terrorism- related laws in India and periodically reviewing them and suggesting any required changes. Win the citizens’ confidence by means of fearless and selfless efforts.

25. NIA - Jurisdiction The agency has been empowered with all the powers and privileges to conduct investigations under the various acts specified in the schedule of NIA act. State government authorities can request an investigation by NIA upon approval of central government within the limits of law specified under the NIA Act. The central government can handover cases for investigation to NIA anywhere in India and the officials involved in the handling of these cases are from the IPS and IRS cadre.

26. NIA (Amendment) Act 2019 The NIA (Amendment) Act 2019 was passed by the Parliament and received the presidential assent in July 2019. This Act has made a few major changes to the original NIA Act 2008. The changes are discussed below: Human trafficking Counterfeit currency or bank notes related offences Sale or manufacture of prohibited arms Offences under the Explosive Substance Act, 1908 Cyberterrorism

27. INDIAN INTELLIGENCE BUREAU (Internal intelligence agency) FRAMEWORK OF INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM OF INDIA:

28. OVERVIEW of IB: The Intelligence Bureau (IB), ( Devanagari : खुफिया विभाग ,  khūphiyā vibhāga ) : It is India’s Internal Intelligence Agency, which is reputed to be the oldest intelligence agency in the world. An autonomous body created through executive order of the government in the year 1947 . The IB is officially under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA ), but in practice the Director IB (DIB) is a member of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) and Steering Committee and has the authority to brief the Prime Minister should the need arise, but intelligence inputs (at least in theory) go through the regular channels in the MHA to the JIC. Earlier it was not an investigative agency but was primarily concerned with specialized analysis of the information. The secretive information obtained by the agency helps the government to formulate foreign policies with other countries. It shares information with other agencies and work with close coordination. THE MAKING : Originally, the IB was created on 23 December 1887, by the British Secretary of State as a sub-sect of the Central Special Branch but there is no act of the Indian parliament nor executive order relating to the functioning of the IB. It was recast as Central Intelligence Bureau in 1947 under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

29. In 2012, a PIL was filed challenging the legality of IB. BACKGROUND: 1923–68 Prior to the inception of the Research and Analysis Wing, overseas intelligence collection was primarily the responsibility of the  Intelligence Bureau  (IB) , which was created by the British. In 1933 , sensing the political turmoil in the world which eventually led to the  Second World War , the Intelligence Bureau's responsibilities were increased to include the collection of  intelligence  along India's borders. In 1947 , after  independence , Sanjeevi Pillai took over as the first Indian Director of the IB . Having been depleted of trained manpower by the exit of the British, Pillai tried to run the bureau on  MI5  lines . In 1949 , Pillai organized a small foreign intelligence operation , but the Indian debacle in the  Sino-Indian war  of 1962 showed it to be ineffective. Foreign intelligence failure during the 1962  Sino-Indian War  led then Prime Minister  Jawaharlal Nehru  to order a dedicated foreign intelligence agency to be established. Around the end of 1966 the concept of a separate foreign intelligence agency began to take concrete shape.

30. The main contentions were: IB exists in a constitutional vacuum—that it hasn’t been set up under an Act of Parliament, has no charter of duties, no framework of policies, no rules and regulations relating to personnel, recruitment, training, promotion and transfers. Under the Government of India Act, 1935, the IB was not recognised as an intelligence agency in the Federal List even upon commencement of the Constitution of India on October 26, 1950, the IB continued to be sui generis and sans any constitutional or statutory identity.” In 1980, an affidavit from the Union home ministry to the Supreme Court said that IB staffers were civilians. But the Fifth Pay Commission equated the IB with the CBI and other central police organisations . IB enjoys sweeping powers without accountability and transparency. the IB is entitled to operational secrecy, but it should have a charter. Some of the world’s finest intelligence agencies that operate in democratic countries have stringent frameworks, so why shouldn’t the IB have one The Karnataka High Court has admitted the petition and served notice on the Union home ministry and the IB, which was later directed to Supreme Court.

31. In 2016 SUPREME COURT REJECTED THE PIL SAYING: Putting intelligence agencies IB, RAW and NTRO under judicial scanner may "dent" national security, “What they do in the United Kingdom, we cannot practice in India,” “They (Centre and Parliament) must be having some measures. It cannot be said that they do not have any mechanism. You need not legislate on all issues. You need to have some kind of caution also, otherwise, the very purpose will be lost.”

32. Director Intelligence Bureau (Four Star Ranking Officer) Special Director (Equivalent to   Director General of Police ) Additional Director (Equivalent to   Additional Director General of Police ) Joint Director (Equivalent to   Inspector General of Police ) Deputy Director (Equivalent to   Deputy Inspector General of Police ) Joint Deputy Director (Equivalent to   Senior Superintendent of Police ) Assistant Director (Equivalent to   Superintendent of Police ) Deputy Central Intelligence Officer (Equivalent to   Additional Superintendent of Police ) Assistant Central Intelligence Officer I (Equivalent to   Deputy Superintendent of Police ), DANIPS Officers Assistant Central Intelligence Officer II (Equivalent to   Inspector of Police ) Junior Intelligence Officer (Equivalent to   Sub-Inspector ) Besides the above executive posts, there are various other supporting posts in the Bureau as well

33. An intelligence agency works on the twin premise of “need to know” and “deniability”. This means that only those who need to know should be privy to information and at all times intelligence operatives and agencies should be in a position to credibly deny any statement attributed to them. Under no circumstance should an intelligence agency or an individual officer reveal sources because a compromised source in the world of intelligence is as good as a dead source. That is why no intelligence agency ever acknowledges as its own any of its agents who have been caugh t and charged with espionage. This is a part of the doctrine of deniability and it must be respected. Principles of “need to know” and “deniability”.

34. NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

35. Raising of NDRF https://ndmindia.mha.gov.in/state-response-force#:~:text=At%20present%2C%20NDRF%20comprise%20of,Himachal%20Pradesh%20and%20Delhi%20NCR.

36. NATURAL Flood Earthquake Land slides Cyclone Tsunami Cloud Burst MAN-MADE Chemical Disaster Biological Disaster Radiological Disaster Nuclear Disaster NDRF RESPONSE : TYPES OF DISASTER

37. WHAT IS NDRF ? The  National Disaster Response Force   (NDRF) is an Indian Special Forces formed under the  Disaster Management Act 2005   to respond to a catastrophic situation or disaster. The “ Apex Body for Disaster Management ”  in India is the  National Disaster Management Authority  (NDMA). The Prime Minister is the Chairman of the NDMA.

38. For Disaster Management The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is the ‘ Nodal Ministry ’ of the Central Government. In the event of a ‘serious natural disaster’, the  Central Government   shall provide assistance of the Armed Forces, the Central Paramilitary Forces, the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and required communications through air and other assets to the affected State. The  National Disaster Response Force  (NDRF) is under the NDMA . The Director Generals of the NDRF are IPS officers on deputation from Indian police organizations. NDRF was raised on  19 Jan 2006  as a rescue response force of the country .

39. State Disaster Management Authority All State Governments are mandated under Section 14 of the act to establish a SDMA . The SDMA consists of the Chief Minister of the State, who is the Chairperson , and no more than eight members appointed by the Chief Minister. State Executive Committee is responsible (Section 22) for drawing up the state disaster management plan, and implementing the National Plan. The SDMA is mandated under section 28 to ensure that all the departments of the State prepare disaster management plans as prescribed by the National and State Authorities.

40. District Disaster Management Authority The Chairperson of DDMA can be the Collector or District Magistrate or Deputy Commissioner of the district. The elected representative of the area member of the DDMA as an ex officio; co-Chairperson, (Section 25). This department in Rajasthan is known as Disaster Management, Relief & Civil Defence Department Funds are allocated to DMRD according to different calamities like in floods 75 % is provided by central govt. and remaining is contributed by state govt. First respondent during any calamities is civil defence(in which few civilians are trained by NDRF in programmes like “ AAPDA MITRA ”).

41. ACHIEVEMENTS OF NDRF Since it’s inception in 2006, NDRF has proved itself as an efficient force of the country by providing  prompt response and assistance in any disaster. The first major test of disaster for NDRF was Kosi Floods in 2008. NDRF resources were moved to Bihar immediately after the breach in Kosi barrage on 19th August 2008 . The situation was handled by the NDRF on a war footing, by airlifting 153 high speed motorized boats with 780 flood rescue trained personnel drawn from three different Battalions and sent to the five flood affected districts with utmost promptitude. As a result, over 1,00,000 affected people were rescued during the initial stage itself.