Ceramics, Types of ceramics, characteristics.pptx

industrial materials

1. CERAMICS Ceramic materials are inorganic, non metallic materials and things made from them.

2. Physical Property of Ceramics Density- in general, ceramics are lighter than metals and heavier than polymers Melting temperatures- higher than most metals. Thermal Expansion – somewhat less than for metals, but affects are more damaging because of brittleness. Electrical and Thermal conductivities – lower than for metals; but the range of values is greater, so some ceramics are insulators while others are conductorS

3. Method to Strengthen Ceramics Materials Make starting materials more uniform. Decrease grain size in polycrystalline ceramic products. Minimize porosity Introduce compressive surface stresses. Use fiber reinforcement. Heat treat

4. Classification of Ceramic materials Glasses Glasses-Ceramics Clay Products Refractory Ceramics Abrasive Ceramics Cements

5. Traditional and Advance Ceramic Materials - Traditional ceramics are materials made from naturally occurring materials, such as quartz sand or clay minerals. They are mainly used for the creation of clay tile and brick, China tableware, refractory linings, and industrial abrasives. - Advance ceramics refers to all products made from inorganic, high-purity compounds through a series of specialized manufacturing process. - Can be used for various purposes due to their permeability, magnetism, insulation, and conduction.

6. Traditional Ceramics vs. Advanced Ceramics

7. Glass-Ceramics - Type of ceramic materials the combines both properties of ceramics and glasses. - Has the transparency and smooth surface of a glass. And at the same time Possesses the hardness, strength, and thermal stability of a ceramic.

8. Some Uses of Glass-Ceramics Crockery Floor and wall tiles Sanitary – Wares Electrical Porcelain Decorative Ceramics

9. Refractory ceramics Materials that are able to resist high temperature and maintain their strength and chemical stability under extreme conditions. Typically made from combination of oxides, carbides, and other material that have high melting points and are resistant to thermal shock

10. Refractory Ceramics - Examples Alumina – can steelmaking temperatures up to 1800 c°; commonly used in furnace lining and crucibles. Silicon Carbide – used in application such as kiln shelves and radiant tubes. Zirconia – used in oxygen sensors and thermal barrier coatings. Mullite – cow thermal expansion. It finds application in kiln furniture, refractory bricks, and thermal insulations. Magnesia – commonly used in the lining of steelmaking furnaces, cement kilns, and glass melting tanks.

11. Refractory Ceramics – Applications

12. Abrasive Ceramics possesses exceptional hardness, wear resistance and toughness, making them suitable for various abrasive application. designed to grind or cut away softer materials.

13. Abrasive Ceramics – Examples/Applications Diamond – possesses exceptional hardness and abrasion resistance. Commonly used for high precision grinding, cutting, and polishing. Boron Carbide – an extremely hard ceramic material with exceptional wear resistance. It is commonly used in abrasive blasting nozzles and armor application. Silicon Carbide – possesses extreme hardness and thermal stability. Used in applications where high material removal rates and precision grinding are required. Aluminum Oxide – Offers high hardness and excellent wear resistance, making it suitable for grinding, cutting, and polishing applications.

14. Clay Clay is the oldest known ceramic material. is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals. Clays develop plasticity when wet but can be hardened through firing.

15. Types of Clay ceramics / Application Earthenware: a low-fired clay that is porous and often glazed. Stoneware: a high-fired clay that is dense and durable. Porcelain: a fine-grained clay that is white and translucent. Ball clay: a plastic clay that is used to improve the workability of other clays.

16. Clay Ceramics Earthenware Stoneware Porcelain Ball clay

17. Cements a building material that is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limeston e and clay; used with water and sand or gravel to make concrete and mortar Ceramic cements can be applied in many different ways: potting, casting, sealing, encapsulating, bonding and coating.

18. Types of cements Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) Rapid hardening cement Quick-setting cement Low heat cement Sulfates resisting cement Blast furnace slag cement High alumina cement White cement