Cerebral Palsy presentation management.ppt

hh

1. 10/18/24 1
Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy
Back groundBack ground
ByBy
Dr. Fathi M. Afifi Dr. Fathi M. Afifi
Prof. Of Neurology Prof. Of Neurology
Faculty of medicineFaculty of medicine
Al-Azhar UniversityAl-Azhar University

2. 10/18/24 2

Cerebral plasy (CP) is the most common physical Cerebral plasy (CP) is the most common physical
disability in childhooddisability in childhood

Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umberella term covering Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umberella term covering
a group of nonprogressive but ,in time, often a group of nonprogressive but ,in time, often
changing – motor impairment syndromes changing – motor impairment syndromes
secondary to lesions or anomalies of the secondary to lesions or anomalies of the
immature brain . Onset usually occurs before the immature brain . Onset usually occurs before the
first birthday.first birthday.

3. 10/18/24 3

Although the motor disorder is the most striking Although the motor disorder is the most striking
symptom , many other pediatric and neurological symptom , many other pediatric and neurological
impairment are associated with CP, such as:impairment are associated with CP, such as:
failure to thrive caused by Feeding problems or failure to thrive caused by Feeding problems or
Constipation, Seizures, Visual and Auditory impairment, Constipation, Seizures, Visual and Auditory impairment,
Mental retardation, Speech impairments such learning Mental retardation, Speech impairments such learning
deficits as “Dyslexia, nonverbal learning disability and deficits as “Dyslexia, nonverbal learning disability and
behavioural impairment”behavioural impairment”

4. 10/18/24 4
Cultural aspectsCultural aspects
Use of terms when referring to people with Use of terms when referring to people with
CP.CP.
•Impairment Impairment : is the correct term to use to : is the correct term to use to
define define a deviation from normala deviation from normal, such as , such as
not being able to make a muscle move or not being able to make a muscle move or
not being able to control an unwanted not being able to control an unwanted
movement.movement.

5. 10/18/24 5
•Disability Disability : is the term to use to : is the term to use to
define define a restirection in the ability to a restirection in the ability to
performperform a normal activity of daily a normal activity of daily
living which someone of the same living which someone of the same
age is able to perform “3 years and age is able to perform “3 years and
couldn’t walk”couldn’t walk”

6. 10/18/24 6
•HandicapHandicap: is the term used to : is the term used to
describe a child or adult who, describe a child or adult who,
because of the disability is unable because of the disability is unable
to achieve the normal role in to achieve the normal role in
society commensurate with his age society commensurate with his age
and socio-cultural milieu. and socio-cultural milieu.

7. 10/18/24 7
All disabled people are impaired and All disabled people are impaired and
all handicapped people are disabled all handicapped people are disabled
, but a person can be impaired and , but a person can be impaired and
not necessarily be disabled and a not necessarily be disabled and a
person can be disabled without person can be disabled without
being handicapped being handicapped

8. 10/18/24 8
MisconceptionsMisconceptions

A commom misconcetion about those A commom misconcetion about those
born with Cerebral Palsy is that they are born with Cerebral Palsy is that they are
less intelligent than those born without it. less intelligent than those born without it.
Cerebral Palsy is defined as damage to the Cerebral Palsy is defined as damage to the
part of the brain that controls movement ; part of the brain that controls movement ;
areas of the brain which define a persons areas of the brain which define a persons
intelligence are not affected by CP.intelligence are not affected by CP.

9. 10/18/24 9

Spastic Cerebral Palsy , the most common form Spastic Cerebral Palsy , the most common form
of CP , causes the muscles to be tense, rigid and of CP , causes the muscles to be tense, rigid and
movement are slow and difficult. This can be movement are slow and difficult. This can be
misinterpreted as cognitive delay due to misinterpreted as cognitive delay due to
difficulty of communicationdifficulty of communication

10. 10/18/24 10

Individuals with Cerebral Palsy can have Individuals with Cerebral Palsy can have
learning difficulties, but sometimes it is the learning difficulties, but sometimes it is the
sheer magnitude of problems caused by the sheer magnitude of problems caused by the
underlying brain injury, which prevents the underlying brain injury, which prevents the
individual from expressing what cognitive individual from expressing what cognitive
abilities they do possess.abilities they do possess.

11. 10/18/24 11

In fact , only CP individuals with brain In fact , only CP individuals with brain
damage in the hippocampus or the frontal damage in the hippocampus or the frontal
cerebral cortex develop mental retardation. cerebral cortex develop mental retardation.
While learning difficulties and CP may co-While learning difficulties and CP may co-
occur it is common for individuals with CP to occur it is common for individuals with CP to
lead normal lives.lead normal lives.

12. 10/18/24 12
PrognosisPrognosis

CP is not a progressive disorder CP is not a progressive disorder
meaning the actual brain damage meaning the actual brain damage
doesn’t worsen, but the symptoms can doesn’t worsen, but the symptoms can
become worse over time due to wear become worse over time due to wear
and tear .and tear .

13. 10/18/24 13

A person with the disorder may improve A person with the disorder may improve
somewhat during childhood if he or she somewhat during childhood if he or she
receives extensive care from specialists, but receives extensive care from specialists, but
once bones and musculature become more once bones and musculature become more
established ,orthopedic surgery may be established ,orthopedic surgery may be
required for fundmental improvement.required for fundmental improvement.

14. 10/18/24 14

Intellectual level among people with CP varies Intellectual level among people with CP varies
from genius to mentally retarded, as it does in from genius to mentally retarded, as it does in
the general population. the general population.

The important thing is to not underestimate The important thing is to not underestimate
the child’s capabilities and to give them every the child’s capabilities and to give them every
opportunity to learn.opportunity to learn.

15. 10/18/24 15

In the most cases, person with CP can expect In the most cases, person with CP can expect
to have a normal life expectancy ; survival has to have a normal life expectancy ; survival has
been shown to be associated with the ability been shown to be associated with the ability
to ambulate , roll and self-feed.to ambulate , roll and self-feed.

As the condition doesn’t directly affect As the condition doesn’t directly affect
reproductive function, some persons with CP reproductive function, some persons with CP
have children and parent successfully. have children and parent successfully.

16. 10/18/24 16
TreatmentTreatment

There is no cure for CP, but various There is no cure for CP, but various
forms of therapy can help a person forms of therapy can help a person
with the disorder to function and live with the disorder to function and live
more effectively .more effectively .

17. 10/18/24 17

In general, the earlier the treatment begins In general, the earlier the treatment begins
the better the chance children have of the better the chance children have of
overcoming developmental disabilities or overcoming developmental disabilities or
learning new ways to accomplish the tasks learning new ways to accomplish the tasks
that challenge them. that challenge them.

18. 10/18/24 18
Treatment may include one or more of the Treatment may include one or more of the
following ;following ;

Physical therapyPhysical therapy

Occupational therapyOccupational therapy

Speech therapySpeech therapy

Drugs to control Seizures “alleviate pain or Drugs to control Seizures “alleviate pain or
relax muscle spasm”relax muscle spasm”

The use of Botulinum Toxin to relax the The use of Botulinum Toxin to relax the
contracting musclecontracting muscle

Surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities Surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities
communication aidscommunication aids