ch-1 networking SEM 1 free for anyone .pdf

This pdf will give you the concepts of B.C.A SEMESTER 1 network chapter one

1. CH-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
NETWORK AND IT'S APPLICATIONS

2. 2

3. TYPES OF NETWORK

5. TYPES OF NETWORK





A computer network is a collection of computer and devices
connected by communication channels that facilitates
communication among user and allows user to share
resources with other user.
Types of network
(1)LAN(local area network)
(2)MAN(metropolitan area network)
(3)WAN(wide area network)

8. LAN





LAN is a group of computer.
Share a common communication line or wireless link.
A LAN is useful for sharing resources like files, printer,
games or other application.
Connection with switches, cables ,hub , repeater .
Use: it used in small level company or organization or
institute.

9. MAN





It is a large computer network that usually spans a city.
A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area network.
It is a group of LANs.
High-capacity and hi-speed technology. connection with
fiber-optical link and provide up-link services to WAN and the
internet.
Use: network is cable television network.

10. WAN




A WAN spans a large geographic area, such as a
state ,area or country.
It is a connection multiple smallest network.
The word most popular WAN is the internet.
A WAN is a group of MANs.

12. LAN - Local Area Network
WAN - Wide Area Network
WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
SAN - Storage Area Network, System Area Network, Server
Area Network, or sometimes Small Area Network
CAN - Campus Area Network, Controller Area Network, or
sometimes Cluster Area Network
PAN - Personal Area Network

14. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP) 






In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia
[

On 23 April 2014, the U.S.

August 14, 1995: India.
 Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) today launched India's
first full Internet service for public access.

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that
provides you with access to the Internet, usually for a fee.

The most common ways to connect to an ISP are by
using a phone line (dial-up) or
broadband connection (cable or DSL).

15. An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that
provides services for accessing and using the Internet.

Internet service providers may be organized in various
forms, such as commercial.

17. VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal)

18. VSAT (VERY SMALL APERTURE TERMINAL)






VSAT network as well as using other more technology

Connecting to a central HUB via satellite using small
diameter antenna dishes (.75 to 3.8 meter).

Connecting to a large number of geographically dishes
sites. It is a satellite based service capable of
supporting the internet.

Two modules of VSAT :
1)outdoor unit
2) indoor unit

19. .








Outdoor unit is a consists of an antenna and radio
frequency transceiver. (size :1.8 or 2.4 meter)
Use : it is a general ground Flore.

Indoor unit is a function as a modem and also interfaces
with end user equipment like LANs, PCs, telephones.
Use: it is a desktop computer is normally equipment in your
office.

Access technology in VSAT:
TDMA
FDMA
CDMA

21. WEB PORTAL

23. PORTAL


A web portal is most often one specially
designed web site that brings information together from
diverse sources in a uniform way.

Examples of early public web portals were AOL, Excite,
Netvibes , iGoogle , MSN,Naver, Lycos, Indiatimes , Rediff ,
and Yahoo!. 

25. Domain Name Server /Service /System
DNS DNS

26. WHAT IS THE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM?




Short for Domain Name System (or Service or
Server),

an Internet service that translates domain names
into IP addresses.

Because domain names are alphabetic, they're
easier to remember. ... Every time you use a domain
name, therefore, a DNS service must translate the
name into the corresponding IP address.

27. DNS




The domain name server is a hierarchical distributed naming
system for computer, services or any resource connected to
the INTERNET or a PRIVATE NETWORK.

An internet service that translates domain name into IP
addresses.

It is stranded technology for managing the names of web
sites and other internet domains.

A domain name is meaningful and easy-to-remember
‘handle’ for in internet address.

29. GENERIC DOMAIN
Domain Name Meaning
Aero The air transport industry
Biz Business use
Cat The Catalan culture
Com Commercial organizations
Coop Co-operatives
Int International organizations
Jobs Employee agencies
Mobi Mobile device related
Museum Museum related

30. 
DNS country Domain:

There are also top-level domain named for the each of
the ISO country codes.

These are called the country domain or the geographic
domains.

Ex.

In the United Kingdom the domain equivalent to the
generic domain .com and .edu are .co.uk and .ac.uk
(ac is an abbreviation for academic)

31. INTRANET





An intranet is a private application of the same inter
networking technology.

Software and application within a private network.
Use is within an enterprise.

Different between an internet and intranet is defined in
term of accessibility, size and control.

Most usually very small and is restricted to the premises
of a single organization.

33. WWW
Word wide web

34. WWW



A technical definition of the World Wide Web is: all the
resources and users on the Internet that are using the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

The World Wide Web (WWW) is an information space
where documents and other web resources are
identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and
can be accessed via the Internet.

is basically a system of Internet servers that support
specially formatted documents. The documents are
formatted in a markup language called HTML
(HyperText Markup Language) that supports links to
other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video
files.

35. WHAT IS A SEARCH ENGINE?
It’s a little complicated . On the back end a search
engine is a piece of software that uses algorithm to
find and collect information about web pages.

36. CHARACTERISTICS A SEARCH ENGINE





Common Characteristics:
Spider, Indexer, Database, Algorithm
Find matching documents and display them
according to relevance
Frequent updates to documents searched and
ranking algorithm
Strive to produce “better”, more relevant results
than competitors

37. WHY SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING?

38. THE MISSION OF SEARCH ENGINES




Search engine generate revenues through paid
advertising.(or cost per click)

Responsibility of search engine is to develop in a least
amount of time.

As success of search engine depend upon relevance of
their result.

Most of the SE conducting a team of people who
works on finding spam and eliminating them from their
search result.

39. REMOTE LOGIN /
TELNET
Word wide web

40. REMOTE LOGIN



Remote login means to access other computer on the
network or on the other network by the use of telnet or
r login command.
Remote login is one of the most popular Internet
applications.
Instead of having a hardwired terminal on each host,
we can login to one host and then remote login across
the network to any other host (that we have an account
on, of course).

42. TELNET



Telnet is a user command and an underlying TCP/IP
protocol for accessing remote computers.

Through Telnet, an administrator or another user can
access someone else's computer remotely.

Using telnet client software on your computer, you can
make a connection to a telnet server (i.e., the remote host)
.

43. INTRODUCTION TO E-MAIL

44. E-MAIL - ELECTRONIC MAIL




Send mail electronically via the Internet
Requires an account on a mail server and
supporting software on your PC
The username and password will allow you to
access your account
All e-mail programs allow you to Send, Compose,
Reply, and Forward mail

45. OBTAINING AN E-MAIL ACCOUNT





You will need an e-mail server (post office) in
order to send and receive e-mail.

You can obtain an account in school

You can get free accounts:
www.gmail.Com
www.yahoo.Com

47. E-COMMERCE

54. M-COMMERCE
Mobile commerce

55. WHAT IS M-COMMERCE ?








E-Commerce with mobile devices (PCs, Cell
Phones, Pagers, etc.)
Different than E-Commerce?
No, but additional challenges:
Security
Usability
Advances Technologies
Business Model Issues
But first, let’s learn a little about wireless
technologies…

56. MOBILE INTERFACES

57. M-COMMERCE



M-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and
services through wireless handheld devices.

M-Commerce is the process of paying for services
using a mobile phone or personal organizer.

M-Commerce is the use of mobile devices to
communicate, inform transact and entertain using text
and data via a connection to public and private
networks.

58. M-COMMERCE APPLICATION



Google
Android
Google Android Market




Apple
Apple store
The App Store is a digital
application distribution
platform for iOS
developed and
maintained by Apple.

59. WEB SITE

60. WEB SITE DESIGN

What is a web site?
A website is an address (location) on the World Wide
Web that contains your web pages. Basically, a website is
your personal online communications connection to the
rest of the world.
A website is totally different from any other type of
publishing, advertising or communications media.

61. FIVE STEP PROCESS FOR EFFECTIVE WEBSITE DESIGN
1.
•
•
•
2.
•
•
•
•
3.
•
•
•
•
Analyse
Info / content
Target Audience
Top 10 Checklist
Organise
Navigation
Content
Page layout
Page design
Develop
Web page layout
Site layout
Web page construction
Graphics techniques
4.
•
•
•
•
5.
•
•
•
Implement
User Interaction
Final Checklist
FTP
Fine Tune
Maintain
Marketing
Optimisation
Traffic analysis

62. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
The Web
An infrastructure of information combined
and the network software used to access it
Web page
A document that contains or references
various kinds of data
Links A connection between one web page
and another
62
What are the links used for?

63. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Website
A collection of related web pages
Web browser
A software tool that retrieves and displays eb
pages
Web server
A computer set up to respond to requests for
web pages

63

64. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
A standard way of specifying the location of a
Web page, containing the hostname, "/", and a
file


64
What is the relationship between the Internet
and the Web?

65. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
65
Why is the expression
"visiting a website"
confusing?

66. SEARCH ENGINES
Search Engine
A website that helps you find other websites

66
Can you name at least two?

How do they work?

67. TABLES, TABLES, TABLES!



Use tables to lay out your pages!
Make the table borders invisible
A 2x2 table works well

68. FTP
File transfer protocols

69. FTP



FTP is the name of the application and the protocol used
for moving files between two hosts on a TCP/IP network.

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network
protocol used to transfer computer files between a client
and server on a computer network.

FTP is built on a client-server model architecture and
uses separate control and data connections between the
client and the server.

71. 1. Web Pages :-
A web page (or webpage) is a web document that is suitable for the World
Wide Web and the web browser.

A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device. The web
page is what displays, but the term also refers to a computer file, usually
written in HTML or comparable markup language.

Web browsers coordinate the various web resource elements for the written
web page, such as style sheets, scripts, and images, to present the web page.
Typical web pages provide hypertext that includes a
navigation bar or a sidebar menu to other web pages via hyperlinks, often
referred to as links.

On a network, a web browser can retrieve a web page from a remote web
server. On a higher level, the web server may restrict access to only a private
network such as a corporate intranet or it provides access to the World Wide
Web.

A static web page is delivered exactly as stored, as web content in the web
server's file system, while a dynamic web page is generated by a web
application that is driven by server-side software or client-side scripting. Web
pages usually include information as to the colors of text and backgrounds
and very often also contain links to images and sometimes other types of
media to be included in the final view.

Layout, typographic and color-scheme information is provided by Cascading
Style Sheet (CSS) instructions, which can either be embedded in the HTML or
can be provided by a separate file, which is referenced from within the HTML.

72. 2. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol :

- The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application
protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia
information system HTTP is the foundation of data
communication for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is
structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between
nodes containing text.
HTTP is the protocol to exchange or transfer
HTTP functions as a request–response protocol in the
client–server computing
A web browser, for example, may be the client and an
application running on a computer hosting a web site may
be the server.
The client submits an HTTP request message to the server.
The server, which provides resources such as HTML files
and other content, or performs other functions on behalf of
the client, returns a response message to the client. The
response contains completion status information about the
request and may also contain requested content in its
message body. HTTP is designed to permit intermediate
network elements to improve or enable communications
between clients and servers

73. 



4. Web Browser :-
A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser)
is a software application for retrieving, presenting,
and traversing information resources on the World
Wide Web.
An information resource is identified by a Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page,
image, video or other piece of content.
Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily
to navigate their browsers to related resources.
Although browsers are primarily intended to use the
World Wide Web, they can also be used to access
information provided by web servers in private
networks or files in file systems.
The major web browsers are Firefox, Internet
Explorer/Microsoft Edge,Google Chrome, Opera, and
Safari.

74. 5. Web Server : -
Web servers are computers that deliver (serves up)
Web pages.
Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a
domain name. For example, if you enter the URL http://
www.webopedia.com/index.html in your browser, this
sends a request to the Web server whose domain
name is webopedia.com.
The server then fetches the page named index.html
and sends it to your browser.
Any computer can be turned into a Web server by
installing server software and connecting the machine
to the Internet.
There are many Web server software applications,
including public domain software and commercial
packages

75. 6. Web Hosting :-
A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service
that allows individuals and organizations to make their
website accessible via the World Wide Web.
Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server
owned or leased for use by clients, as well as providing
Internet connectivity, typically in a data center.
Web hosts can also provide data center space and
connectivity to the Internet for other servers located in their
data center, called colocation, also known as Housing in
Latin America or France.
The scope of web hosting services varies greatly. The most
basic is web page and small-scale file hosting, where files
can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a Web
interface.
The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with
minimal processing