Ch 1 notes

Ch. 1 Psych Notes

1. Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Uses scientific research methods. Behavior includes all observable behavior. Mental processes include thoughts, feelings and dreams.

2. Example of the 5 Goals: You "observe" X doing Y Ex: 1 year old Charlie is crying. You "explain" this behavior as being a result of him needing the attention of his mother. (Infants cry when uncomfortable - i.e. hungry, need to poo etc ). You predict this behavior (crying) will cease once the mother feeds Charlie his (milk, baby food) or changes his diaper. You can "control" his crying by having the mother promptly respond to his needs.

3. To describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes Describe : tell what occurred Explain : tells the why Predict : under what conditions is the behavior/event likely to occur Control : how is the principle applied or what change in condition is necessary to prevent unwanted occurrence or to bring about a desired outcome

4. Section #2 What do psychologists do?

5. Who does what? Psychologist : studies patients, tests disorders, talks and counsels Psychiatrist : works inside a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders Provides medical (drug) treatment http:// www.diffen.com/difference/Psychiatrist_vs_Psychologist

6. http:// psychology.about.com/od/careersinpsychology/tp/psychology-career-trends.htm

7. Section #3 A History of Psychology

8. Today’s Big Question “How can learning to know yourself help you understand the world and the people who live in it?”

9. The Hippocratic Oath is an oath historically taken by physicians, physician assistants and other healthcare professionals swearing to practice medicine ethically and honestly.

10. Particularly in Europe during the Middle Ages, beatings were administered to the mentally ill who acted out as punishment for the disturbances their behavior caused and as a means of “teaching” individuals out of their illnesses.

11. The Middle Ages & Mental Illness Causes of mental illness included: ■Supernatural causes such as demons and demonic possession. ■Witchcraft and sorcery. ■Mass hysteria. ■Melancholy and stress. Treatments for mental illness included: ■Exorcism. ■Shaving the pattern of a cross in the head-hair. ■Believe that those suffering from mental illness could benefit from hearing mass. ■Drinking ice-cold water.

12. 33 Chapter 1 Question: How has the study of psychology developed over time? PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOPED OVER TIME Began in ancient Greece Revived during the scientific advances of the 1500s, 1600s and 1700s Contributions were made by modern psychologists such as William James , B.F. Skinner , and Sigmund Freud Section 3: A History of Psychology

13. Structuralism Functionalism

14. Structuralism Functionalism first school of psychology breaking down mental processes Wilhelm Wundt too concerned with internal behavior (cant observe)

15. Structuralism Functionalism focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior emphasized individual differences William James Influenced the educational system

16. Structuralism Functionalism first school of psychology breaking down mental processes Wilhelm Wundt too concerned with internal behavior (cant observe) focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior emphasized individual differences William James Influenced the educational system

17. Structuralism vs. Functionalism https :// www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW6nm69Z_IE

18. PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOPED OVER TIME William James – Functionalism (observation and introspection – What are the purposes of behavior and mental processes ?) John B. Watson – Behaviorism (scientific study of observable behavior ) B.F. Skinner – Reinforcement (influences behaviors)

19. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQtDTdDr8vs

20. Gestalt Psychology L earning is active and purposeful Problem solving is accomplished by insight, not mechanical repetition.

21. Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis ( unconscious motives and internal conflicts) Freudian slip

22. Freudian slip   ( in Freudian psychology) an accidental mistake in speech or writing that is thought to reveal a person's unconscious motives, wishes, or attitudes.

23. Section #4: 6 Perspectives on Psychology

24. Psychological Perspectives Method of classifying a collection of ideas Also called “schools of thought” Also called “psychological approaches” To view behavior from a particular perspective

25. Cognitive Perspective Focus : On how people think and process information Behavior is explained by how a person interprets the situation

26. Biological Perspective Focus : How our biological structures and substances underlie a given behavior, thought, or emotion Behavior is explained by brain chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.

27. Social-Cultural Perspective Focus : How thinking and behavior change depending on the setting or situation Behavior is explained by the influence of other people present

28. Behavioral Perspective Focus : How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observation Behavior is explained by previous learning

29. Humanistic Perspective Focus : How healthy people strive to reach their full potential Behavior is explained as being motivated by satisfying needs (safety, hunger, thirst, etc.), with the goal of reaching one’s full potential once basic needs are met.

30. Psychodynamic Perspective Focus : How behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts Behavior is explained through unconscious motivation and unresolved inner conflicts from one’s childhood. Modern version of psychoanalytic perspective.