Ch 1- What is Psychology (Class - 11)- Psychology

Ch-1 What is Psychology (Class XI - psychology)

1. WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY

2. ACTIVITY
•Choose from any movie, series, anime etcand choose
anyone of its character and try to describe his/ her mental
and psychological process behind their actions/ goals /
behaviours.
•Try to keep yourself at their place and tell what would you
have done differently if you were in their situation

3. PSYCHE-SOUL OR MIND…. LOGOS-SCIENCE OR
STUDY OF SUBJECT
•Psychology is defined as ---Science which studies mental processes,
experiences and behaviourin different context.
Mental Process
Consciousness,
awareness, solve
problems
Experiences
Subjective in
nature, internal-
external conditions
of experiences
Behaviour
Responses and
reaction, simple and
complex, overt-
covert, triggered by
stimulus (stimulus –
response)

4. BRAIN
&
MIND
Brainisthecentralorganofthe
humannervoussystem
It is made up of blood vessels and
nerve cells.
It has a definite shape and structure
Brain coordinates, movements,
feelings, and different functions of
the body
You can touch the brain
.Mindisafacultythatmanifestsitself in
mentalphenomenasuchas perception,
thinking,sensation,reasoning,memory,
etc
Itisnotmadeupofanycellsand is
hypothetical
Itdoesnot.
Itreferstoaperson’s conscience,
understandingandthoughtprocess.
Youcannottouchthemind
Mind –brain together –
•Visualization –phantom arm , image
visualization , used in treatment of phobia
•Psychoneuroimmunology –emphasis on the
role played by mind in strengthening
immune system

5. PSYCHOLOGY AS….
•1
st
lab –1879 –Leipzig, Germany –Wilhelm Wundt
•Psychology –Science or arts
•Cause and effect of behaviourand predict future behaviour
Psychology as
Discipline
•Philosophy –influenced by Descartes-consciousness (“I think, therefore
I am”
•Physics-Hypothetico-deductive model –theory to explain
phenomenon
Psychology as
Natural Science
•Behaviourof human in their socio-cultural context and its creation
•Individuals and communities in relation to their socio-cultural and
physical environment
Psychology as
Social Science

6. OF

7. Important ContributorsDescriptionSchool of
Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt, Edward
B. Titchener
Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or “structures” of
psychological experience, describe own mental process, cant be verified by outsider
Structuralism
(introspection)
William JamesAttempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular
psychological aspects that they currently possess, study what mind does and how
behaviourfunctions in making people deal with their environment, consciousness is
stream of mental process interacting
Functionalism
Max Wertheimer, Kurt
Koffka, Wolfgang Köhler
Organisationof perceptual experience –what we experience is more than inputs
received from our environment (input< output) emphasizes that the whole of anything
is greater than its parts–movie (flashing of lights)
Gestalt
Sigmund Freud, Carl
Jung, Alfred Adler, Erik
Erickson
Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, conflicts and memories and
our early childhood experiences in determining behaviour, humans motivated by
unconscious desire for gratification of pleasure seeking
Psychodynamic
Carl rogers, Abraham
maslow
Free will of human and natural striving to grow and unfold their inner potentialHumanistic
John B. Watson, B. F.
Skinner, ivanpavlov
Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and therefore
that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behaviouritself, what is
observable and verifiable, behaviouror responses (to stimuli)measured and studied
objectively
Behaviourism
Hermann Ebbinghaus,
Sir Frederic Bartlett,
Jean Piaget
The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory,judgments,
understanding , memorizing, receive, process, transform, store and retriveinfo, actively
constructing their minds through their exploration into physical and social world
Cognitive/
constructivism
Vygotsky, Fritz Heider, The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves
influence thinking and behaviour, joint interaction between adults and children
Social-cultural

8. DurganandSinha
•1
ST
PHASE –till independence –
emphasis on experimental
psychoanalytic and psychological
testing (western )
•2
nd
–till 1960s –expansion into
different branches of psychology
(using western perspective to
solve Indian problems)
•3
rd
–post 1960 –realizing this wont
work in our social context
•4
th
–late 1970s-phase of
indigenization –ancient texts and
scriptures on Indian traditional
knowledge

9. Branches of
psychology
Cognitive
Social
Clinical and
counselling
Industrial/
organization
al
Education
Sports
Basic
Psychology
Applied
psychology
Cross
cultural and
cultural
Health
Biological
Neuropsych
ology
Developmen
t
Environment
al
Health

11. ROLE PLAYING
Choose a role and innovate a small scene/play
•A bully and victim
•Poor family and abusive parent and child
•A terrorist leader trying to recruit someone
•Detective trying to make a psychological profile of a serial murderer
•Extremely positive person and his/her extremely pessimistic best friend.

12. KEYWORDS
Other Important
words, names,
•Mental
process
•Experiences
•Behaviors
•Phobia
•Psychoneuroi
mmunology
•Forensic
psychology
Names
•Descartes
•Wilhelm
wundt
•William
james
•Max
Wertheimer,
Kurt Koffka,
Wolfgang
Köhler
•Piaget
•Vygotsky
Psychology
As
Discipline
Natural science
Social science
Mind and behaviour
Evolution of
Psychology
Structuralism /
introspection-Wundt
Functionalism-
William james
gestalt psychology-
Behaviorism-skinner
Psychoanalysis-
Freud
Humanistic-
Carl rogers and
maslow
Cognitive
Constructivism –
Piaget
Social cultural-
Vygotsky
Branches of
psychology
Cognitive
Biological
Neuropsychology
Developmental
Social
Cross-cultural and
cultural
Environmental
Health
Clinical and
counselling
Industrial /
oragnaisational
Educational
Sports