Ch 3 Smart Grid, Energy Storage and Energy Management.pdf

Ch 3 Smart Grid, Energy Storage and Energy Management.pdf

1. Energy Management Systems and
SCADA
Ch. 3-
smart grid Technologies, Energy Storage
and Energy Management
by
Dr. Wondwossen Astatike Haile
Department of Electrical Power Engineering
College of Engineering, Defence University
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2. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and
Energy Management
SmartGridisElectricalgridofthe21stcenturywhichisoneofthe
greatestengineeringachievement.
Developedcountriesseektoimprovetheirsmartgridmore
smarterwhereasdevelopingregionsarestillexpandingtheir
conventionalgridtosmartgrid.
Thethrustfortransitiontosmartergridscomesfromthefollowing
reasons:
Intermittentenergysources,
consumerchoiceforqualitypower,
growingpeakdemand,
increasedderegulation,and
Evs
Thetraditionalelectricgridwillneedtotransformtoasmartergrid
withadditionallayersofautomation,communicationandIT
systems
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3. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and
Energy Management
The Conventional power system is facing the problems of
Gradual depletion of fossil fuel resources,
Power energy efficiency and environmental pollution
Energy policy is developing with the aims of electrical energy
supplies with
Low or zero-carbon to reduce the production of greenhouse gases
and mitigate climate change.
Secure and not dependent on imported fossil fuel.
Economic and affordable by industry, commerce and all sections of
society.
These objectives of energy policy converge in the use of DG, DER,
renewables and cogeneration
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4. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and
Energy Management
•The Smart Grid is the future power network fulfilling the following
points:
A flexible, secure and cost-effective, de-carbonised power system
With extensive use of modern information and communication
technologies
Intelligently controlled active networks that facilitate integration of
DG
Demand side participation with controllable loads i.e. electric
vehicles and heat pumps with thermal storage
Intelligently integrate the actions of all users-Prosumers
Efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity
supplies.
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5. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and
Energy Management
ElectricPowerResearchInstitute,USAdefinestheSmartGridas:
•Apowersystemmadeupofnumerousautomatedtransmissionand
distribution(T&D)systems,alloperatinginacoordinated,efficient
andreliablemanner
•Apowersystemthathandlesemergencyconditionswithself
healingactionsandisresponsivetoenergy-marketandutilityneeds
•Apowersystemthatservesmillionsofcustomersandhasan
intelligentcommunicationsinfrastructureenablingthetimely,
secure,andadaptableinformationflowneededtoprovidepowerto
theevolvingdigitaleconomy
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6. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and
Energy Management
Fig Smart grid with energy management
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7. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and
Energy Management
Key Application Areas for smart grid utilization are:
Electricity Distribution Automation
Vast Renewable Energy Integration
Energy Storage
Energy Efficient Transport
Industrial Energy Efficiency Measures
Building Energy Efficiency Measures
Electricity Markets Deregulation
Environmental Markets
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8. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and
Energy Management
The Concept of smart grid will be realized by
1.Advanced metering infrastructure which ensures:
Demand side management
Energy efficiency
2.Self healing electricity grid which ensures:
Supply reliability
3.Distributed energy resources which ensures:
Environmental protection
4.Bi-directional flow of information and power which ensures:
Better asset utilization
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9. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and
Energy Management
Smart Grid Application Domains
1.Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Smart Home
AMIrepresentsthenextphaseofautomaticmeterreadingwhereby
themeterisresponsivetotwo-waycommunication,dynamically
adjustingforthepriceofelectricity,andinteractingwiththevarious
loadsinthemeteredfacility
TheadvancedfunctionalityofAMIenablesreal-timepricing,
automatichomeresponse,Directloadcontrol,Energyusagedisplay,
Loadmonitoring/sub-metering,Remoteconnect/disconnect,Outage
detectionandisolation,Remotehomecontrol
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10. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and
Energy Management
2.DistributedGeneration/Microgrids
AbilitytooperatesegmentsofthegridasislandsorMicrogrids
Desireforhigh-availabilityandhighqualitypowerforthedigital
society.
Positivepowergenerationthroughsolar,wind,microturbines
Alsonegativepowergenerationthroughdemandresponse
programsandcontrollableloads
Microgridsdopresentchallengestotheutilityfromaprotection,
control,anddispatchperspective
OperationofMicrogridwithPHEVsanddynamicpricing
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11. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
3.WideAreaMeasurementandControlSystems(WAMACS)
Providedynamicviewofthestateofpowersystem
Synchronouslymeasureandcommunicatetheinstantaneousstate
throughtheSynchro-phasors
Normalandstressedsystemstatescanbeassessedinrealtimeand
actedupontoaffectdynamiccontrol
WAMACScanmakeandexecutedecisionsinthe100millisecond
timeframe
Installationofmeasurementanddatacollectiondevicesin
substations,areliablewideareacommunicationnetwork,data
concentration,visualization,anddecisionfacilities
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12. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
Renewable Integration issues
•Renewable Integration results in a Paradigm shift in operations of
power system
•In Classical dispatch ,
Forecast load and Generation fleet has to follow load
•Renewable generation ,
Forecast load as well as RE and Net load=Load –RE
Conventional generation has to follow Net load
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13. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
LoadProfileandDemandCurveManagement
WhenRESpenetrationismorethan25%,
•IntermittentRESneedtobecurtailedduringthelowconsumption
periodsinordertoavoidgridperturbation(frequency,voltage,
reactivepower)andgridcongestion,UnlesstheRESexcesscanbe
stored.
•IfRESgenerationfallsbutdemanddoesnotfallatthesametime,
back-upand/orstorageareneeded.
•Energystorageneedstobeintegratedinnetwork-basedenergy
systems,intheelectricalgridsystem,heatandcoolingnetworkand
gasnetworks.
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14. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
DemandManagementthroughStorage
Inalow-carbonsystem,intermittentREmakesitmoredifficultto
varyoutput,andrisesindemanddonotnecessarilycorrespondto
risesinREgeneration.
Energystorageisessentialtobalancesupplyanddemand.
Higherlevelsofenergystoragearerequiredforgridflexibilityand
gridstabilitytocopewiththeincreasinguseofintermittentRE
sources.
PumpedHydroStorageSystemsforlargescaleelectricitystorage
representsalmost99%ofcurrentworldwidestoragecapacity.
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15. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
1.BATTERY
•
Lead Acid
•Nickel–Cadmium
•Lithium-ion :
Lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO2 (metal oxide)
Lithium manganese oxide LiMn2O4 (tunneledstructure)
Lithium iron-phosphate LiFePO4 (olivine structure)
2.
FLYWHEEL
Thealternativeflywheelmethodiswellsuitedasacentralstoragedevicedueto
itsabilitytoabsorbandreleaseenergyquickly.However,flywheelmethod
remainstooexpensiveforlarge-scalepowersystemapplicationswhenusedinan
advanceddesign.
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16. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
3.UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY
Inuninterruptiblepowersupplyapplications,thestorage
systemscompetewithbothbatteriesandflywheelswithregard
tohighpowerdemands,powerdensityandefficiency.4.FUELCELLS
Fuelcellsortraditionalgeneratorswitheffectivelylargeinertia
couldbeanotheroptionforstoragesystem
5.SUPERCAPACITORS
N.B.Generally,Energystoragetechnologiesaremainlyclassified
aselectrochemicalsystems(usuallybatteriesandfuelcells),
kineticenergystoragesystems(flywheelenergystorage)and
potentialenergystorage(pumpedhydroorcompressedair
storage)
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17. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
ManagementElectric vehicle as storage medium
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18. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
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19. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
Efficiency of electric vehicle
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20. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
ManagementSmart grid Technologies:
1.Smart Meter

Digitalmetersthatreplacetheoldanalogmeters
Recordsconsumptionofelectricenergyinintervalsofanhour
orless
Communicatesthatinformationatleastdailybacktotheutility
formonitoringandbilling.
Providesreal-timedatathatisusefulforbalancingelectric
loadswhilereducingpoweroutages(i.e.,blackouts)
Enableconsumerstoadjusttheirhabitsinordertolower
electricitybills
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21. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
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22. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management2.Smart Sensors
Sensorswithsmallmemory&standardizedphysicalconnectionto
enablecommunicationwithprocessoranddatanetwork.
Producesanelectricaloutputwhencombinedwithinterfacing
electroniccircuits
Itisacombinationofbothsensorandactuator.[sensor+
interfacingcircuit=smartsensor]
Capableoflogicfunctions,two-waycommunicationandmaking
decisions.
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23. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
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24. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
3.Smart Appliances

Devicethatconnectstosmartphone,tabletorcomputertogive
moreinformationandcontrolthaneverbefore.
Cansendalerts(Example-whenthelaundryiscleanorthe
cookiesareready)
Alertwhensomething'swrong(ifthewaterpressuredropstoolow
orsomeoneleavesthefridgedooropen)
Helpingtocutdownonenergybills.
Controlsmartapplianceremotelybyusingphone.Forinstance,
•Preheattheovenfromcar,
•Putthefridgeintolow-powermodewhileonvacation
•Runthedishwasherwhenatwork.
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25. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
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26. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management4.Smart Inverters
Digitalarchitecture,bidirectionalcommunicationscapabilityand
robustsoftwareinfrastructure.
Adaptiveandabletosendandreceivemessagesquickly
Sharegranulardata-owner,utilityandotherstakeholders.
Allowinstallersandservicetechnicianstodiagnoseoperationaland
maintenanceissueslike
•Predictingpossibleinverterormoduleproblems
•Remotelyupgradecertainparametersinmoments.
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27. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
5.Smart Transformer
Conventionaltransformers:
•OnlyACpower
•Requiremanualadjustmentorbulkyelectromechanicalswitchesto
redirectenergy.Onthecontrary,
Smarttransformers:
•canhandleACandDCpowerbecauseofsolidstatedevicesthatare
capableofhandlinghighvoltagesandhighcurrents
•Programmedtoredirecttheflowofelectricityinresponseto
fluctuationsinsupplyanddemand
•Caneasilychargelargenumbersofelectricvehicles
•Tapsurpluselectricityfromresidentialsolarpanels.
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28. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
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29. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
6.Smart Hydro Turbine
Turbinesforriversandcanals-allowfortheintroductionofabase
loadsupply
Providesacompleterenewableenergysolutionforthebestcost-
benefitpossible
Bestalternativefordecentralizedelectrificationalongrivers
Developedtoproduceamaximumamountofelectricalpowerfrom
thekineticenergyofflowingwater
Poweredbykineticenergyinsteadofpotentialenergy
Alsoknownasaso-called“zero-head”or“in-stream”turbine.
Nodamsand/orheaddifferentialnecessary
Courseofariverremainsinitsnaturalstate
Nohighinvestmentsininfrastructurearerequired.
Agreateramountofenergyisgeneratedwithahighervelocityof
waterflow.
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30. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
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31. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
7.Smart Homes
Providescomfort,security,energyefficiency(lowoperatingcosts)
andconvenienceatalltimes,regardlessofwhetheranyoneishome
Definedasaresidencethathasappliances,security,andcamera
systemscapableofcommunicatingwithoneanother
Canbecontrolledremotelyfromanyroominthehome,orfrom
anylocationintheworldbyphoneorinternet
Conservationoftheearth'slimitedresourcesbyusingrooftopsolar
panels
Utilizehomecontrollersintegratedwithallhomesubsystemsto
increasesavings
Built-inmonitoringsystems-calculateandlogusagebyallthe
connecteddevices
CanevenbeaccessedovertheInternetfromanywhereintheworld
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32. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
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33. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
8.Smart Distribution Systems
ResilienttochallengeslikeDestructivehurricanes,Winterstorms
andOtherextremeweathereventsresultingfromglobalclimate
changeforreliableoperationofdistributionsystems
Governmentsandutilitiesaremakinganefforttowardsmart
distributionsystems(SDSs)throughgridmodernization
TransformingtraditionaldistributionsystemsintoSDSs–
advancementinautomation
Integrationofautomationandcommunicationsystemsasprimary
components
Supporttheend-to-endoperationsandanalyticsoftheelectrical
distributiongrid
Alargeamountofdataaregatheredbysmartmetersandintelligent
electronicsdevices(IEDs)
Dataprovidessufficientinformationtoeffectivelymonitorsystem
operationsinnearlyrealtime
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34. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
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35. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
9.Core Information, Communication and Electronic
Technologies
•
Distributed intelligence, sensors, controls
•Data networks and communications
•Advanced software and systems
•Power Electronics
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36. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
10.Other Key Technologies

AdvancedConductors–Composite,HighTemperatureSuperconductor
EnergyStorage–Batteries,flywheels,SMES,compressedair,hydro
Powergeneration–Renewablesources,modularanddistributed
generators
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37. Ch.3-Smart Grid Technologies, Energy Storage and Energy
Management
11.RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS
Solar Photovoltaic
Solar Thermal Power
Wind
Hydropower
Biomass
Ocean Energy
Geothermal
Waste to Energy
And so on
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38. END OF
CH.3-SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY STORAGE AND
ENERGY MANAGEMENT

THANK YOU
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