Change In The State Of Matter

Project by- Manasi Baral

1. Change in the state of Matter Project by- Manasi Baral Class – 5 HAMRO ENGLISH BOARDING SCHOOL, Itahari 5 Sunsari

2. Before You Begin We see different types of substances around us. Air, water, soil, stone, brick, wood and plastics are some of the common substances which are found around us. The substance which has mass and occupies space is called matter. All the substances that are found in our surroundings are matter. Matter exists in three states, viz . solid, liquid and gas.

3. Glossary: A dictionary of scientific/ techinal terms Matter : anything which has mass and occupies space Steam : the hot gas that water changes into when it boils Conversion : the act or process of changing something one from to another Sublimation : the process in which a solid directly changes into gas Condensation : the process in which vapour changes into liquid Evaporation : the process in which a liquid changes into its vapour

4. Matter Various substances like water, air, soil, brick, stone, wood, paper, plastic, etc. are found around us. These substances have mass and they occupy space. So, these substances are called matter. All kinds of matter have mass and volume. Matter exists in three different states. They are solid, liquid and gas. Matter does not remain in the same state. One state of matter changes into another on heating or cooling.

5. Con… One physical state of a matter can be changed into another by heating or cooling. For example, water exists in three different states. They are ice (solid state), water (liquid state) and vapour (gaseous state). When ice is heated, it changes into water and when water is heated, it changes into steam or vapour. heat heat Solid Liquid Gas Ice water Steam

6. Con… Similarly, when vapour or stem is cooled, it changes into water and when water is further cooled, it changes into ice. cooling cooling Gas Liquid Solid Vapour Water Ice

7. Con… From above facts, we can conclude that matter exists in three different forms and one physical state of any matter can be changed into its another state by heating or cooling it.

8. 1. Melting At the room temperature, wax exists in solid state. When the wax is heated, it changes into its liquid state. In winter or in cold, ghee exists in solid state. When the solid ghee is heated, it changes into its liquid state. This process is called melting. So, the process in which a solid changes into its liquid state is called melting. When a solid is heated, it melts. So, heat energy is required for melting of a substance. heat heat heat Solid ghee Liquid ghee Ice Water Solid wax Liquid Wax

9. 2. Freezing When water, i.e. liquid is cooled, it changes into ice, i.e. solid. Similarly, when liquid ghee or wax is cooled, it changes into solid. When a liquid is cooled, it loses its heat energy and changes into its solid state. This process is called freezing or solidification. Conversion of water into ice, liquid, ghee into solid ghee liquid wax into solid wax, etc. are some examples of freezing. Cooling Cooling solid wax Liquid wax Water Ice

10. 3.Evaporation If you see the container of a boiling water, vapour rising up from the container. When water is heated, it changes into its vapour,that is gaseous state. This process is called evaporation. Formation of water vapour on heating water is an example of evaporation. Heat energy is required for evaporation. heat Liquid Gaseous state Water Water vapour or steam

11. Condensation When water vapour is cooled, it again changes into its liquid state, that is water. This process is called condensation. The vapour loses heat energy on cooling and finally changes into its liquid state. Conversion of water vapour into liquid is an example of condensation. cooling Water vapour Water

12. Sublimation Generally, solids change into liquid state on heating and then into gaseous into on further heating. But some solid substances like camphor, iodine, ammonium, chloride, etc. change directly into vapour on heating. These substances called sublimates and the process is called sublimation. Conversion of solid camphor into vapour on heating and conversion of solid iodine into vapour on heating are some examples of sublimation. heating Solid camphor Vapour

13. Con… When solid campher is heated, it directly changes into gaseous state or vapour when the vapour state of camphor comes in contact of moist cotton, it changes back into solid camphor. The solid camphor can be seen on the inner wall of the glass funnel. This process is called sublimation.