Chapter-1-Basic-Concepts-in-Human-Development.pdf

Chapter-1-Basic-Concepts-in-Human-Development

1. Chapter1:
Basic Concepts

2. An Introduction to Human
Development
Human Development: Scientific study of
age-related changesin:
•Behavior
•Thinking
•Emotion
•Personality

3. PhilosophicalRoots
OriginalSin
Augustine ofHippo
Humans are born selfish and must seek
spiritualrebirth.
DevelopmentalOutcomes
Individuals struggle to overcome immoral
actions.

4. Philosophical and Scientific Roots
The Blank Slate
JohnLocke
•Empiricism
•Children as passive recipients of
environmentalexperiences
DevelopmentalOutcomes
•Individual differences due to
experience

5. Philosophical and Scientific Roots
InnateGoodness
Jean-JacquesRousseau
•Emphasis on children and basic
goodness of humannature
•Nurturance and protectionneeded
DevelopmentalOutcomes
•Children’s environment interferes or
encourages

6. Early ScientificTheories
CharlesDarwin
First organized study of human development
Evolution
Interplay of genetics and environmental
adaptation
Babybiographies
Detailed records of his own children’s
earlyyears

7. Early ScientificTheories
First scientific study of childdevelopment
G. StanleyHall
Psychologist
Emphasis on norms or average ages
at which developmental milestones
occur
Coined “storm and stress”
(adolescence)

8. Early ScientificTheories
Systematic description of children across
domains, particularly in the first five years
of life
ArnoldGesell
Maturation occurs “naturally” from
genetically programmedsequence.
Used movie cameras, one-waymirrors

9. The LifespanPerspective
Overview
•Important changes occur in each period of
development.
•Children and adults experience major life
passages.
•Increased longevity.

10. The LifespanPerspective
Paul Baltes
•Multi-contextual nature ofdevelopment
•Plasticity and adaptability at allages
•Interdisciplinary perspective andresearch
•With age, strategies used to maximize gain
and compensate forlosses

11. Domains andPeriods
ofDevelopment
Three broad domaincategories:

12. Periods ofDevelopment

13. Key Issues in the Study ofHuman
Development
Nature versusNurture
Nature
Inborn propensities; biological influences
Inbornbiases
Nurture
Learning from environmental experiences
Internal models ofexperience

14. Continuity versusDiscontinuity
Continuity = Quantitative change in
amount ordegree
Discontinuity = Qualitative, step-like
change
What are the advantages and
disadvantages of each kindof
change?

15. Another Way to Look atIt!
If development consists only of additions,
the concept of stages is notneeded.
If development involves reorganization or
emergence strategies, quality, or skills,
than stages areuseful.

16. Three Kinds ofChange
Qualitative Changes in Kind orType
Normative age-graded universalchanges
Social clock or agenorms
Normative history-gradedchanges
Cohort or generationaleffects
Non-normativechanges
Unique, unshared changes or individual
differences

17. ResearchEthics
Ethics: broad ethical principles for responsible
conduct of research and use of any
outcomes resulting fromresearch
InResearch:
Protection of animal rights and human
subjects
Universities, government, and organizations
often have Institutional Review Boards
(IRBs).

18. ResearchEthics
Protection fromharm
Informedconsent
Confidentiality
Knowledge ofresult
Deception

19. References:
•Boyd, D., & Bee, H. (2015). Lifespan Development 7th
Edition. Philippines: Pearson Education South Asia PTE.
LTD.
•https://www.slideshare.net/cjosek/boyd-ppt-ch1f-
37882830?qid=ed35f134-2191-4f5c-81d6-
8c07e8b3872f&v=&b=&from_search=1

20. Thank you for
listening! ☺