Chapter 1 - DEFINING GLOBALIZATION CONTEMPORARY WORLD.pptx

chapter 1

1. CONTEMPORARY WORLD Chapter 1

2. GLOBALIZATION • encompasses a multitude of processes that involves the economy, political systems, and culture • “the process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving closer…” (Thomas Larsson, 2001) • Martin Khor (mid 1990s) regarded it as colonization

3. Economic Globalization Political Globalization Cultural Globalization Refers to the expanding interdependence of world economics. covers the national policies that bring countries together politically, economically and culturally. focuses in large part on the technological and societal factors that are causing cultures to converge TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION - It is the growing scale of cross-border trade commodities and services, flow of international capital, and wide and rapid spread of technology

4. Task of Defining Globalization Definitions are classified as: (1) Broad and inclusive – “…globalization means the onset of the borderless world…” (Ohmae, 1992) – vague (2) Narrow and exclusive – ”…the characteristics of the globalization trend include the internationalizing of production, the new international division of labor, new migratory movements from South to North, the new competitive environment that accelerates these processes, and the internationalizing of the state… making states into agencies of the globalizing world” (Robert Cox) – can be limiting and applied to particular definitions only RECENT DEFINITION: “globalization is a transplanetary process or set of processes involving increasing liquidity and the growing multidirectional flows of people, objects, places, and information as well as the structures they encounter and create that are barriers to, or expedite, those flows…” (Ritzer, 2015)

5. APPRECIATING THE VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION OVERALL, Globalization is a concept that is not easy to define because of its shifting nature The perspective of the person who defines globalization shapes its definition. Globalization is the debate, and the debate is globalization (Cesare Poppi) Globalization is a reality

6. Solid & Liquid Solidity - barriers that prevent or make difficult the movement of things; - can be natural (landforms/bodies of water) OR manmade (nine-dash-line) - have a tendency to melt - people, things, information, & places harden over time Metaphors of Globalization METAPHORS - make use of one term to better understand another term Liquidity - not fixed - increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, & places - can change quickly and is constantly fluctuating (ex. Stock market, viral tiktok videos) - “tends to melt whatever stands in its path ( esp solids)” Ritzer, 2015 Flows Movement of people, things, information, & places brought by the growing “porosity” of global limitations (Ritzer, 2015) Ex. Food / cuisines The two are constantly interacting, but liquidity is the one increasing and proliferating today; THUS, globalization is best described by liquidity

7. Globalization theories Homogeneity increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government. - Linked to cultural imperialism, w/c means a culture influences other cultures. Political, Economical, and Cultural theories see globalization as a process that increases either Homogeneity or Heterogeneity Heterogeneity creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world. - Linked to cultural hybridization, “glocalization” (Robert Robertson, 1992)

8. The Globalization of Religion Globalization helped religions spread and thrive religions use information tech, transportation, and media (tv, radio, print, social, etc.) platforms to disseminate their beliefs and ideas forums and debates about religious beliefs are now more accessible by people around the world modern transportation also helped (ex. Muslims visiting Mecca) easier to solidify the Ummah (for muslims) Global hybridization failed to mix religions due to their solid identification Religion can’t fully cope to globalization (liberalism, rationalism, scientism)

9. Globalization and Regionalization Globalization promotes the integration of economies worldwide, but regionalization tends to oppose integration and bring smaller divisions There is a free market and opportunity to trade internationally with globalization, while regionalization promotes monopolization. Regionalism is a political ideology that prioritizes the home region, often giving it more importance than the national whole. Regionalism creates and strengthens economic, political, and cultural connections within a specific region Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries around the world

10. ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION

11. ORIGIN PERSPECTIVES Hardwired Innate due to our “urges” for a better life connected to the 4 aspects of globalization: trade, missionary work, adventures, conquests Cycles Globalization is a long-term cyclical process There have been other global ages prior to the present one Eventually, today's globalization will be replaced by a new cycle Epoch / Phases Globalization is a series of historical phases or waves, each with its own point of origin Globalization functions as growing connectivity Events There are multiple points of origin of globalization Origin is located in seminal historical events Broader, More Recent Changes Global Processes prior to WWII were limited in geographic scope and intensity

12. GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY global demography is the study of the worldwide population rather than the population of a specific country, region, or city. Global demography is useful because it provides the "big picture" of the entire human population without influence from local economic, cultural, or geographic factors. It provides data about the past, present, and future of human society as a whole. Global demographic statistics can also provide a base for comparison against more specific statistics, providing insight into how the demographics of different places compare not just to one another, but to the global average.

13. occurs when people cross state boundaries and stay in a host state for a certain amount of time People migrate (move) across the globe, either voluntarily or involuntarily (forced) Migrant - moving from one place to another Asylum seeker Refugee Economic Migrant WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE? Push factors Wars, conflict, political instability, and economic crisis Ethnic and religious persecution Natural and man-made disasters, such as earthquakes Poverty Unemployment, low wages and poor working conditions Shortages of food, water, or healthcare Limited opportunities Pull factors Better quality of life and standard of living Varied employment opportunities, higher wages Better healthcare and access to education services Political stability, more freedom Better life prospects For retirees; a range of services to cater to their needs, or environmental characteristics, such as the coast. GLOBAL MIGRATION

14. end.

15. Activity no. 3 Read the article In your YELLOW PAD, answer these questions. Three (3) things that I significantly learned from the readings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The three (3) things that are still unclear to me are: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I used to think that… ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reference link: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/trade/exports/insights/capital-goods-fertilisers-most-impacted-sectors-amid-red-sea-trade-disruptions-crisil-report/articleshow/107886414.cms

16. Page 1

17. Page 2

18. Page 3

19. Page 4

20. Quiz no. 1 He stated that globalization is ”the process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving closer…”. Martin Khor Thomas Larsson Benjamin Franklin Theodore Roosevelt This type of globalization focuses on the integration of international financial markets and the coordination of financial exchange. Culural Political Social Economic This classification of defining globalization can be limiting and applied to certain definitions only. Narrow and inclusive Broad and exclusive Narrow and exclusive Broad and Inclusive

21. This concept explains that people, things, information, & places harden over time. Solidity Liquidity Gaseity Flows It is the increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, & places. Solidity Liquidity Gaseity Flows This kind of globalization theory is the creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world. Heterogeneity Homogeneity Homeostasis Migration

22. This kind of globalization theory is linked to cultural imperialism, which supports a culture influencing another culture. Heterogeneity Homogeneity Homeostasis Migration It is a perspective that refers to the convergence of different elements of various cultures. Cultural Hybridization Cultural Differentialism Cultural Convergence Cultural Connectivity This perspective strongly believes that culture tend to remain stubbornly different from one another Cultural Hybridization Cultural Differentialism Cultural Convergence Cultural Connectivity

23. It is the movement of people, things, information, & places brought by the growing “porosity” of global limitations. Solidity Liquidity Gaseity Flows 11-15. Do you think migration is a positive effect of globalization? Why or why not? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________