Chapter 1 - Hardware and Software Presentation.pptx

management of information systems presentation

1. Management of Information Systems DM211 Presentation to Diploma in Management Date: 10 March 2023 Presenter: Pamela F. Mudzamba

2. Introduction to MIS What is MIS: Computer system consisting of hardware and software that are used to run an organisation’s operations Data gathering – from disparate sources including online sources Anlayse data to produce information Aid decision making processes Therefore, MIS will essentially be a study of how such systems work…

3. Course Overview Management information systems is a course that focuses on information and communication technology (ICT) as it is used in an organisational setup This course is intended for Diploma in Management students and will expose you to the following concepts related to MIS:

4. Basic Concepts of MIS Hardware and Software Database management systems Information systems development Types of management information systems Decision support systems Telecommunications systems Internet applications Managing an Information Systems Project…

5. Chapter One – Hardware and Software Introduction Understand the five computer hardware components and the general categories of computer software Explain how the Central Processing Unit (CPU) works Types of computers as well as the storage Explain types of both hardware and software Purchasing considerations for an organisation’s hardware and software Introduce the development of IS

6. Objectives – By the end of this unit… I dentify the major hardware and software components of computers D escribe the functions of the Central Processing Unit D escribe the main types of primary and secondary storage differentiate the types of software Explain the general functions of the operating system

7. Computer Hardware Input Device, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory, Secondary Storage Unit (SSU) , Output Device.

8. Storage Capacity of a Computer Primary Memory – Aka Internal memory , four main types: Register, RAM, Cache Memory, ROM Secondary Memory – Aka Auxillary memory, supplementary storage including flash disks, Eternal hard drives etc. Non-Volatile

9. Data Storage Binary digits Bits form alphabetical characters and any other character depending on the code in use Two common codes: --American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) --Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) 8 digits form a byte in both EBCDIC ASCII Fun Fact>>ASCII also appears in six-bit form…word length is a multiple of 6 as opposed to 8…

10. Primary and Secondary Storage Capacity The computer capacity (primary and secondary storage) is measured in number of bytes or characters it can hold and below are examples: Kilobyte (KB)= 1024 bytes Megabyte (MB)= 1 million bytes Gigabyte (GIG)=1 billion bytes Terabyte (TB)=1 trillion byte

11. The Power of A Computer There are three ways of measuring computer power: i . Word-size - width of the processor register. The number of bits a CPU can process at one time for instance 32 bit word size can pass through a 32 bit data path or through a set of wires four-character wide. Each wire carries 8 bits. ii. Clock speed - measured in megahertz, that is, millions of clock ticks per second. iii. Number of instructions per unit measured in millions of instructions per second (MIPs)

12. Factors that Affect Processing Speed (Computer Power) The following are factors that can affect the processing speed of the computer: The size of the register (word size) determines the amount of data with which the computer can work at a given time The amount of RAM can also affect speed because the CPU can keep more of the active programme and data in memory than in storage The computer’s system clock sets the pace for the CPU by using a vibrating quartz crystal The width of the data bus (path) determines how many bits at a time can be transmitted between CPU and other devices The size or width of the address bus determines the number of bytes of RAM the CPU can access The bus architecture in the PC

13. Classification of Computers Computers are classified by: Processing speed (power), Memory capacity, Number of capabilities or peripheral devices for input, output, and storage devices to be attached and Computer usage

14. Types of Computers Microcomputer Minicomputer/Midrange Computer Mainframe Computer Supercomputer

15. Classification by Function Server Workstation Embedded computer Supercomputer

16. Factors affecting Hardware Acquisition Acquisition Time Rent or buy Choice of vendor Installation, maintenance and training Operating costs Ergonomics Scalability Integration with existing systems

17. Computer Software A collection of computer programmes and related data that provide instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. Set of programmes, procedures, algorithms and its documentation.

18. Classification of software Computer software must be classified as: a) System software b) Application software c) Development software User Application Software Operating System Hardware

19. Steps in Acquiring Computer Hardware and Software Inventorying computer hardware Estimate workloads Evaluate computer H/W S/W evaluation Choose vendor

20. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Advantages – Accuracy, large data processing capabilities, data storage, data security, ease of communication, time management, documentation, learning and training tools, e-commerce and various business applications Disadvantages – Over reliance and complacency, child safety, theft and viruses, over reliance on electricity supply, expense, finger and eyesight disorders