Chapter 1- Historical Evolution of Nursing.pptx

Historical Evolution of Nursing

1. HEALTH EDUCATION

2. WHAT WORDS CAN YOU RELATE WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT…. HEALTH EDUCATION

3. “NEMO DAT QUOD NON HABET”

4. HEALTH EDUCATION EDUCATION that promotes an understanding of how to maintain personal HEALTH. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) defines HEALTH EDUCATION as : “comprising of consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health”

5. EDUCATION in healthcare today –both patient education and nursing staff/student education TEACHING is an important aspect of the nurse’s professional role, whether it be educating patients and their family members, colleagues or nursing students. Current trends in health care are making it essential that patients be prepared to assume responsibility for self-care management and that nurses in the workplace be accountable for the delivery of safe, high-quality care.

6. The focus of modern health care is on outcomes that demonstrate the extent to which patients and their significant others have learned essential knowledge and skills for independent care or to which staff nurses and nursing students have acquired the up-to-date knowledge and skills needed to competently and confidently render care to the consumer in a variety of settings. According to Friberg and colleagues (2012), patient education is an issue in nursing practice and will continue to be a significant focus in the healthcare environment.

7. Nurses must have a basic prerequisite understanding of the principles and processes of teaching and learning to carry out their professional practice responsibilities with efficiency and effectiveness.

8. HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR PATIENT EDUCATION IN HEALTH CARE “Patient education has been a part of health care since the first healer gave the first patient advice about treating his (or her) ailments ”

9. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF NURSING I. Period of Intuitive Nursing/Medieval Period Nursing was "untaught" and instinctive. It was performed of compassion for others, out of the wish to help others. Nursing was a function that belonged to women. It was viewed as a natural nurturing job for women. She is expected to take good care of the children, the sick and the aged . No caregiving training is evident. It was based on experience and observation.

10. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF NURSING I. Period of Intuitive Nursing/Medieval Period Primitive men believed that illness was caused by the invasion of the victim's body of evil spirits. They believed that the medicine man, Shaman or witch doctor had the power to heal by using white magic, hypnosis, charms, dances, incantation, purgatives, massage, fire, water and herbs as a mean of driving illness from the victim.

11. II.Period of Apprentice Nursing/Middle Ages Care was done by crusaders, prisoners, religious orders. Nursing care was performed without any formal education and by people who were directed by more experienced nurses (on the job training). This kind of nursing was developed by religious orders of the Christian Church . Nursing went down to the lowest level -wrath/anger of Protestantism confiscated properties of hospitals and schools connected with Roman Catholicism.

12. II.Period of Apprentice Nursing/Middle Ages Nurses fled their lives; soon there was shortage of people to care for the sick Hundreds of Hospitals closed, there was no provision for the sick, no one to care for the sick Nursing became the work of the least desirable of women - prostitutes, alcoholics, prisoners Pastor Theodore Fliedner and his wife, Frederika established the Kaiserswerth Institute for the training of Deaconesses (the 1 st formal training school for nurses) in Germany. This was where Florence Nightingale received her 3-month course of studies in nursing.

13. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Mid-1800's nursing was recognized as unique discipline. Teaching has been recognized as an important health care initiative assumed by the nurses. Focus is not only on the care of the sick but also on education other nurses for professional practice.

14. III.Period of Educated Nursing/Nightingale Era 19th-20 th century The development of nursing during this period was strongly influenced by: a .) trends resulting from wars -Crimean, civil war b.) arousal of social consciousness c .) increased educational opportunities offered to women . Florence Nightingale was asked by Sir Sidney Herbert of the British War Department to recruit female nurses to provide care for the sick and injured in the Crimean War

15. Florence Nightingale is the ultimate educator because she dedicated a large portion of her career in educating those who are involve in the delivery of health care (Physicians, nurses, health officials)

16. Florence Nightingale (1900s) Founder of modern nursing Developed the first school of nursing Devoted a large portion of her career to teaching nurses, physicians and health officials about the importance of proper conditions in hospitals and homes to improve the health of people . Emphasized the importance of teaching patients of the need for adequate nutrition, fresh air, exercise, and personal hygiene to improve their well-being

17. In 1860, The Nightingale Training School of Nurses opened at St. Thomas Hospital in London. The school served as a model for other training schools. Its graduates traveled to other countries to manage hospitals and institute nurse-training programs. Nightingale focus vision of nursing Nightingale system was more on developing the profession within hospitals. Nurses should be taught in hospitals associated with medical schools and that the curriculum should include both theory and practice.

18. I t was the 1st school of nursing that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill building Nursing evolved as an art and science Formal nursing education and nursing service begun

19. IV . Period of Contemporary Nursing/21th Century Licensure of nurses started Specialization of Hospital and diagnosis Training of Nurses in diploma program Development of baccalaureate and advance degree program

20. Scientific and technological development as well as social changes mark this period . a) Health is perceived as a fundamental human right b ) Nursing involvement in community health c ) Technological advances -disposable supplies and equipments d ) Expanded roles of nurses was developed e ) WHO was established by the United Nations f ) Aerospace Nursing was developed

21. g. Use of atomic energies for medical diagnosis, treatment h. Computers were utilized-data collection, teaching, diagnosis, inventory, payrolls, record keeping, billing. Use of sophisticated equipment for diagnosis and therapy. Tracing the history of HEALTH EDUCATION to ancient times, Rubinson and Alles (1984) concluded that the health education profession has been helping people for a very long time now.