Chapter 1 Introduction to IPC ADDISALEM_UPDATED may 23 (1).pptx

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1. Chapter 1: Introduction to Infection prevention and Control (IPC) IPC for Primary Healthcare Setting in Ethiopia January 2024 IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 1

2. Chapter Objective By the end of this chapter the participants will be able to explain how infections are transmitted in healthcare facilities and the associated risks to healthcare workers, patients/clients as well as the community at large . IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 2

3. Enabling Objectives Describe the role of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Recall the WHO core components for Infection prevention and control Describe the basic concepts of microbiology Illustrate the disease transmission cycle and measures to halt the spread of disease in health care delivery settings Identify the common HAIs in healthcare associated settings IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 3

4. Outline The role of IPC in delivery of safe and quality health service WHO Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Basic concepts of microbiology Infection Transmission Cycle and Measures to Break the Chain of Infection. Common Healthcare Associated Infections(HAI’s) Summary IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 4

5. Sesstion1.1: The Role of IPC In delivery safe and quality of Healthcare Service IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 5

6. Activity1.1: Individual reflection: Individual reflection: Go to your participant manual page number 2 and do activity 1.1 Time Allowed : 10 Minutes IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 6

7. The Role of IPC In delivery safe and quality of Healthcare Service Infection prevention and control(IPC): a systemic effort or process of placing protective barriers (physical, chemical, or mechanical) between susceptible host & microorganism IPC is essential for delivery of safe and quality healthcare services. On average at any given time 7% of patients in developed and 10% in developing countries will acquire at least one HAI. Death from HAI occurs in about 10% of affected patients IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 7

8. The Role of IPC In delivery safe and quality of Healthcare Service Cont … . Goal of IPC: To make Healthcare facilities safer for patients, staff, and the community IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 8

9. Sesstion1.2: WHO Core Components to Infection prevention and Control ( IPC) IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 9

10. Activity 1.2: Group discussion : Go to your participant manual page number 3 and do activity 1.2 Time Allowed: 15 Minutes IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 10

11. WHO CC to Infection prevention and Control ( IPC) IPC Program IPC Guidelines IPC Education and Training HAI’s Surveillance IPC Multimodal strategies Regular Monitoring and Feedback Staffing and workload Built Environment IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 11

12. WHO CC to Infection prevention and Control ( IPC) To improve the desired outcome of IPC Implement the WHO recommends 8 CC in a multimodal approach Multimodal approach consists  System change, IPC training and education, Monitoring and Feedback, Reminders and Communications, and culture change IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 12

13. 1/13/2024 IPC FOR HEALTH CARE SETTINGS 13 Source: https://openwho.org/courses/IPC-CC-MMIS-EN

14. Session1.3: Basic concepts of microbiology IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 14

15. Activty1.3: Think-Pair-Share Go to your participant manual page number 5 and do activity 1.3 Time Allowed: 10 Minutes IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 15

16. Features of Microorganisms Microscopic size Rapid rate of reproduction Tendency to spread from one place to another Ability to resist eradication

17. Basic to Microbiology Cont … Microorganisms that HCWs and IPC staff may encounter in health care settings include Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites Viruses IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 17

18. Classifications and identification of microorganisms The names of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites follow the naming convention of the biological classification system Their names contain two terms and are written in italic letters . The first term is the genus name; the second term is the species name e.g . Staphylococcus aureus

19. Classifications and identification of microorganisms Viruses are named by their family/subfamily, genera, and species. For example, influenza virus is from the family Orthomyxoviridae , in general Influenza A, B, and C

20. Bacteria Bacteria are single-cell organisms with a well-defined cell wall Cytoplasm, which contains the other cell contents Ribosomes, which produce proteins for cell function Genetic material, which is composed of a bacterial chromosome made of double-stranded DNA

21. Bacteria Cont … Figure 2.0 1. Structure of a bacterial cell. Source: https://www.brainkart.com/article/Morphology-of-Bacteria_35244/

22. Viruses Viruses are complexes consisting of protein and an RNA or DNA genome. They lack both cellular structure and independent metabolic processes. They replicate solely by exploiting living cells based on the information in the viral genome. Size: 25 nm ( picornavirus ) to 250 ! 350 nm (smallpox virus). Resolving power of a light microscope: 300 nm, bacteria: 500–5000 nm.

23. Viruses Cont … Genome DNA or RNA. Double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acid, depending on the species. Structure Viruses are complexes comprising virus-coded protein and nucleic acid; some viral species carry cell-coded components (membranes, tRNA ). Reproduction Only in living cells. Antibiotics Viruses are unaffected by antibiotics, but can be inhibited by interferon and certain chemotherapeutic agents.

24. Characteristics of microorganisms of interest for IPC Are able to survive on the hands of HCWs, Can survive dryness, heat, and disinfectants Live in blood and body fluids Thrive in damp areas

25. Session1.4: The infection Transmission cycle and measures to break the cycle IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 25

26. Activity1.4 : Group discussion: Go to your participant manual page number 6 and do activity 1.4 Time Allowed: 30 Minutes IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 26

27. The infection Transmission cycle and measures to break the cycle IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 27

28. The infection Transmission cycle and measures to break the cycle Cont.. IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 28

29. Session1.5: Health Care Associated Infections IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 29

30. Activty1.5: Individual reflection: Go to your participant manual page number 10 and do activity 1.5 Time Allowed : 10 Minutes IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 30

31. Health Care Associated Infections Health care-associated infection: is a preventable infection that a patient encounters in healthcare facility while receiving medical care. HAIs may also occur: Up to 48 hours after the episode of care Up to 3 days after discharge Up to 30 days after an operation Up to 1 year after an operation with an implant IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 31

32. Common Causes of HAI Gram-Negative Bacteria Enterobacteriaceae Acinetobacter species Pseudomonas Gram-Positive Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

33. Summary The goal of IPC is to make health care facilities a safe place. Understanding each step of infection chain or cycle is a one step forward in prevention and control of HAI’s. The basics of IPC are; SP and TBP Generally effective implementation of the Core components of IPC as defined by WHO IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 33

34. Thank You! IPC FOR PHC SETTINGS 34