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1. Evolution of Mobile Communication Class - I Dr. Deepak Kumar Rout Assistant Professor Dept. of ETC, IIIT Bhubaneswar [email protected] https://deepakrout.webs.com/

2. Evolution of Mobile Communication: An Introduction

3. Introduction Identifying the strengths of the underlying technology of a cell phone is simple as long as you understand the meaning of 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G. 1G refers to the first generation of wireless cellular technology, 2G refers to the second generation of technology, and so on. As you might expect, subsequent generations are faster and contain improved or new features. Most wireless carriers currently support both 4G and 3G technology, which is handy when your location allows your phone to operate only at 3G speeds. Since 1G was introduced in the early 1980s, a new wireless mobile telecommunications technology has been released roughly every 10 years. All of them refer to the technology used by the mobile carrier and device itself. They have different speeds and features that improve on the previous generation. The next generation is 5G, which launched in 2020. Illustration of 1G - 5G phones in the hands of era-appropriate fashion.

4. Introduction TACS: Total Access Communication System AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution HSPA: High Speed Packet Access EVDO: Evolution Data Optimized EVDV: Evolution Data Voice CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access WCDMA: Wideband CDMA IMT: International Mobile Telecommunication TD-SCDMA: Time Division Synchronous CDMA UMB: Ultra Mobile Broadband LTE: Long Term Evolution HSDPA: High Speed Downlink Packet Access 3GPP: 3 rd Generation Partnership Project GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

5. Introduction

6. 1G Developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s Based on analog system Speed up to 2.4 kbps AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it was the 1G mobile system Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country

7. 1G: Voice Only Remember analog phones back in the day? Cell phones began with 1G technology in the 1980s. 1G is the first generation of wireless cellular technology. 1G supports voice only calls. 1G is analog technology, and the phones using it had poor battery life and voice quality, little security, and were prone to dropped calls. The maximum speed of 1G technology is 2.4 Kbps.

8. 2G Developed in late 1980s & completed in late 1990s Based on digital system Speed up to 64 kbps Services such are digital voice & SMS with more clarity Semi global facility 2G are the handsets we are using today, with 2.5G having more capabilities

9. 2G: SMS and MMS Cell phones received their first major upgrade when their technology went from 1G to 2G. This leap took place in Finland in 1991 on GSM networks and effectively took cell phones from analog to digital communications. The 2G telephone technology introduced call and text encryption, along with data services such as SMS, picture messages, and MMS. Although 2G replaced 1G and is superseded by later technology versions, it's still used around the world. The maximum speed of 2G with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is 50 Kbps. The max theoretical speed is 384 Kbps with Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). EDGE+ can get up to 1.3 Mbps.

10. 2.5G and 2.75G: Data, Finally Before making the major leap from 2G to 3G wireless networks, the lesser-known 2.5G and 2.75G were interim standards that bridged the gap to make data transmission — slow data transmission — possible. 2.5G introduced a new packet-switching technique that was more efficient than 2G technology. This led to 2.75G, which provided a theoretical threefold speed increase. AT&T was the first GSM network to support 2.75G with EDGE in the U.S. 2.5G and 2.75G were not defined formally as wireless standards. They served mostly as marketing tools to promote new cell phone features to the public.

11. 3G Developed between late 1990s & early 2000s until present day Transmission speed from 125 kbps to 2 Mbps Superior voice quality Good clarity in video conference E-mail, PDA, information surfing, on-line shopping/ banking, games, etc. Global roaming

12. 3G: More Data, Video Calling, and Mobile Internet The introduction of 3G networks in 1998 ushered in faster data-transmission speeds, so you could use your cell phone in more data-demanding ways such as for video calling and mobile internet access. The term "mobile broadband" was first applied to 3G cellular technology. Like 2G, 3G evolved into the much faster 3.5G and 3.75G as more features were introduced to bring about 4G. The maximum speed of 3G was around 2 Mbps for non-moving devices and 384 Kbps in moving vehicles.

13. 4G Developed in 2008-10 Faster & more reliable Speed up to 100 Mbps High performance Easy roaming Low cost

14. 4G: The Standard Still in Use The fourth generation of networking, which was released in 2008, is 4G. It supports mobile web access like 3G does and also gaming services, HD mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D TV, and other features that demand high speeds. The max speed of a 4G network when the device is moving is 100 Mbps. The speed is 1 Gbps for low-mobility communication such as when the caller is stationary or walking. Most current cell phone models support both 4G and 3G technologies.

15. 5G M ajor phase of mobile telecommunication & wireless system 10 times more capacity than others Expected speed up to 1 Gbps in practice More faster & reliable than 4G Lower cost than previous generations

16. 5G: The Current Standard 5G is a wireless technology with a limited rollout that's intended to improve on 4G. 5G promises significantly faster data rates, higher connection density, much lower latency, and energy savings, among other improvements. The anticipated theoretical speed of 5G connections is up to 20 Gbps per second.

17. Comparison of different generations of Mobile Communication

18. Key concepts Real wireless world with no more limitations with access & zone issues Wearable devices IPv6, where a visiting care of mobile IP address is assigned according to location & connected network One unified global standard Smart radio The user can simultaneously be connected with several wireless access technology Multiple concurrent data transfer path

19. Features of 5G High resolution for crazy cell phone users Bi-directional large BW Less traffic 25 Mbps connectivity speed Enhanced & available connectivity just about the world Uploading & Downloading speed of 5G touching the peak (up to 1 Gbps) Better & fast solution

20. Features (Conti…) High quality service based on policy to avoid error Support virtual private networks More attractive & effective Provides subscriber supervision tools for fast action

21. Further Reading and Reference Video Explanation: Evolution of Mobile Communication: Qualcomm Theodore S. Rappaport ,   Wireless communications: Principles and practice, 2/E . Pearson Education India, 2010.