Chapter 11 illusion of motion

Design

1. Design PrinciplesDesign Principles
Chapter 11: Illusion of MotionChapter 11: Illusion of Motion

2. IntroductionIntroduction
Stillness and Arrested Stillness and Arrested
Action.Action.
Relative Stillness:Relative Stillness:
““Almost every aspect of Almost every aspect of
life involves constant life involves constant
change.”change.”
““Motion is an important Motion is an important
consideration in art.”consideration in art.”
Johannes Vermeer. The Kitchen Maid. c. 1658. Oil
on canvas, 45.5 x 41 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

3. Depicting the TransientDepicting the Transient
““Photography has made Photography has made
visible images that are visible images that are
otherwise invisible to us otherwise invisible to us
due to a motion too due to a motion too
rapid for the eye to rapid for the eye to
perceive.”perceive.”
The idea of a unique, The idea of a unique,
singular or “decisive” singular or “decisive”
moment.moment.
Harold Edgerton. Making Applesauce at MIT (.30 Bullet
Piercing an Apple). 1964. Photograph. © Harold & Ester
Edgerton Foundation, 2007, courtesy of Palm Press, Inc.

4. Anticipated MotionAnticipated Motion
Seeing and Feeling Impending ActionSeeing and Feeling Impending Action
Implication of movement present in art Implication of movement present in art
is caused by our memory and is caused by our memory and
experiences. experiences.
Kinesthetic EmpathyKinesthetic Empathy - a process where - a process where
we tend to recreate unconsciously in we tend to recreate unconsciously in
our own bodies the actions we observe.our own bodies the actions we observe.
If you’re watching a basketball game If you’re watching a basketball game
you may also stretch, jump or shoot for you may also stretch, jump or shoot for
the hoop. the hoop.
Anticipated MovementAnticipated Movement - This feeling can - This feeling can
be enhanced by implied lines and be enhanced by implied lines and
gestures as if action is about to be gestures as if action is about to be
completed.completed.
Baseball Photo

5. Ways to Suggest MotionWays to Suggest Motion
1.1.Figure RepeatedFigure Repeated
2.2.Figure CroppedFigure Cropped
3.3.Blurred Outlines and Fast ShapesBlurred Outlines and Fast Shapes
4.4.Multiple ImagesMultiple Images
5.5.Lines of ForceLines of Force
6.6.Grouping Multiple ImagesGrouping Multiple Images
7.7.Optical MovementOptical Movement

6. 1. Figure Repeated1. Figure Repeated
One of the oldest usesOne of the oldest uses
Uses a Uses a repeated figurerepeated figure..
Widely used in art of all Widely used in art of all
cultures. cultures.
Used to form a Used to form a
“storyboard” that conveys “storyboard” that conveys
a narrative over time. a narrative over time.
Lola Moreno and Ramon Rosanas. Coca Cola
Storyboard.

7. 2. Figure Cropped2. Figure Cropped
Implies motionImplies motion
The figure moves so fast The figure moves so fast
that they escape the that they escape the
picture frame.picture frame.
How they are framed How they are framed
enhances motion.enhances motion.
Comics also use both Comics also use both
figure repetition and figure repetition and
figure cropping to create figure cropping to create
motion. motion.
Taliek Brown of the University of Connecticut. December 10,
2002. Photograph.

8. 3. Blurred Outlines and Fast 3. Blurred Outlines and Fast
ShapesShapes
Details and hard outlines are Details and hard outlines are
lost in fast movement.lost in fast movement.
Used in all art forms. Used in all art forms.
Examples:Examples:
Blurred Edges (photography)Blurred Edges (photography)
Sketchy line (drawing)Sketchy line (drawing)
Fast shapes (graphic design)Fast shapes (graphic design)
Long sweeping lines Long sweeping lines
(industrial design)(industrial design)
Elliot Barnathan. Study in Motion. Digital photograph.

9. Example: Blurred Outlines and Example: Blurred Outlines and
Fast ShapesFast Shapes
Use of long sweeping motion Use of long sweeping motion
lines.lines.
Larry Erickson and Billy F. Gibbons (designers).
CadZZilla. 1989. Custom automobile. Design patent
DES. 320, 959.

10. 4. Multiple Image4. Multiple Image
Multiple Image Multiple Image - When - When
you see one figure in an you see one figure in an
overlapping sequence of overlapping sequence of
poses, with a slight poses, with a slight
change from pose to change from pose to
pose that suggests pose that suggests
motion. motion.
Thomas Eakins. Pole Vaulter: Multiple Exposure of
George Reynolds. c. 1884. Photograph, 9.5 x 12.3
cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York(gift
of Charles Bregler, 1941; 41.142.11).

11. 5. Lines of Force5. Lines of Force
Lines of ForceLines of Force - Many - Many
curved lines are used to curved lines are used to
show the pathway of show the pathway of
movement. movement.
Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2.
1912. Oil on canvas, 4' 10" x 2' 11" (1.47 x 0.89 m).
Philadelphia Museum of Art (Louise and Walter
Arensberg Collection).

12. 6. Grouping Multiple Images6. Grouping Multiple Images
You can collect and You can collect and
combine a series of combine a series of
images placed together to images placed together to
create movement. create movement.
You can also do this with You can also do this with
similar subjects from similar subjects from
different sources. different sources.
John Baldessari. Six Colorful Gags (Male). 1991.
Photogravure with color aquatint and spit bite aquatint,
3ﾕ 11ﾓ 4ﾕ 6ﾓ. Edition 25. Crown Point Press, San
Francisco.

13. 7. Optical Movement7. Optical Movement
AfterimageAfterimage – Occurs when – Occurs when
you stare at certain images you stare at certain images
and a predicted ‘afterimage’ and a predicted ‘afterimage’
appears.appears.
Eye Movement Eye Movement – Your eye – Your eye
follows movement such as follows movement such as
undulating lines and spaces.undulating lines and spaces.
Niklaus Troxler. Underkarl. 2004. Jazz concert poster.