CHAPTER 2.1 - ANATOMY OF COMPUTERxxxxx.pdf

This is a presentation on the anatomy of a computer

1. Chapter II-Computer Systems

2. 2
Course Overview
Inthiscourse,youwillbelearningthebasicprinciples
andbriefhistoryofComputerSystems,theadvancementof
computersfromtheearlyyearstopresent,theanatomyof
computer,differenthardwareperipheralsandtypesof
computersoftwares.
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3. ●There is no course-prerequisites for this is a first
year, first semester subject.
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Course Prerequisites
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4. Anatomy of
Computer
In this topic we are going study all about computer,
specially the components of computer namely;
input unit, central processing unit, arithmetic and
logic unit, control unit, memory registers and output
unit.
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5. Course Outline
●Computer
●Digital Computer
●Components of Computer
oCentral processing unit
oArithmetic and Logic Unit
oControl Unit
oMemory Registers
oOutput unit
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The following are the concepts under the Anatomy of Computer:

6. Course Outline
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The following are the concepts under the Anatomy of Computer:
●Diagram for the connection of components in a computer
●Computer Peripheral
●Types of Peripheral Devices
oInput Devices
oOutput Devices
oStorage Devices

7. Computer and
Digital Computer
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8. 8
Acomputerisacombinationofhardware
andsoftwareresourceswhichintegrate
togetherandprovidesfunctionalitiestothe
user.
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9. 9
Adigitalcomputerisdefinedasa
programmablemachinewhichreadsthebinary
datapassedasinstructions,processesthe
binarydata,anddisplaysacalculateddigital
output.Thistypeofcomputerworksonthe
digitaldata.
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10. Components of a
Computer
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11. 1.Input Unit
-thesedevicestakeinputandconvertitintobinary
languagethatcomputerunderstands.Someofthe
commoninputdevicesarekeyboard,mouse,joysticketc.
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2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
-calledthebrainofcomputerbecauseitisthe
controlcenterofcomputer.Itfetchesinstructions
interpretsthemandexecutesthenecessaryaction.
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12. 3. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
-performsmathematicalcalculationandtakes
logicaldecisions.Arithmeticcalculationsinclude
addition,subtraction,multiplicationanddivision.
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4. Control Unit
-coordinatesandcontrolsthedataflowinandout
ofCPUandalsocontrolsalloperationsofALU,memory
registersandalsoinput/outputunits.
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13. 5. Memory Registers
-aregisterisatemporaryunitofmemoryintheCPU,used
tostorethedatawhichisdirectlyusedbytheprocessor.
Registercanbeon16bit,32bitand64bitsizes.
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6. Output Unit
-convertsthebinarydatacomingfromtheCPUto
humanunderstandableform.Thecommonoutputunits
aremonitor,printer,speakeretc.
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14. 7. Memory
-amemoryattachedtotheCPUandisusedforstorageof
dataandinstructionsiscalledinternalmemory,eachofwhich
canstoredataorinstructions.Therearetwotypesofmemory
whichcanbefoundincomputer:
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RAM(RandomAccessMemory)–volatilememorywhich
meansthatwhenthepoweristurnedoffitwillloseallthememory.
ROM(ReadOnlyMemory)–non-volatilememory,storesdata
thatthecomputerusestobootup.

15. Connection of
Various Functional
Components
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16. 16
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Diagram for the connection of
different components in a computer

17. Other Hardware
Peripherals
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18. 18
Acomputerperipheralisadevicethatis
connectedtoacomputerbutisnotpartofthe
corecomputerarchitecture.Peripheraldevices
aredependentonthecomputersystem.
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19. Types of
Peripheral Device
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1. INPUT DEVICES
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●Converts incoming data and
instructions into a pattern of
electric signals in binary
code that are
comprehensible to a digital
computer.
●Some examples of input
device are keyboard, mouse,
scanner, mic, etc.

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2. OUTPUT DEVICES
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●Reverse of the input process
and generally translating the
digitized signals into a form
of intelligible to the user.
●Some examples of output
devices are monitors,
headphones, printers etc.

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3. STORAGE DEVICES
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●Used to store data in the
system which is required for
performing any operation in
the system.
●Some examples of storage
devices are hard disk,
magnetic tape and flash
memory.