Chapter 2: Classification of Livings.ppt

main differences between living things and non-living things

1. OBJECTIVES:
•By the end of this lesson, you should
know:
i)The main differences between living things
and non-living things;

2. 2.1 Characteristics of Living Things
•Movement
•Respiration
•Sensitivity (Responses to Stimuli)
•Growth
•Reproduction
•Excretion
•Nutrition

3. Movement
•Why animals move?
To find food, shelter, or escape from predators.
•Plants move towards sunlight to make food during
photosynthesis.

4. Respiration – provide
energy
•Is a process where we get energy from food.
•Respiration involves using oxygen to break down food
into energy to produce carbon dioxide and water

5. Sensitivity (Response to
Stimuli)
•ALL living things respond to changes
in the environment

6. Growth
Living things grow
Their appearance changes as they grow

7. Reproduction
•ALL living things reproduce to ensure survival of their
own kind
•Animals reproduce by giving birth or by laying eggs.
•Plants reproduce through seeds that grow into new
plants.

8. Excretion
•Is the process of removing harmful and waste
products from organisms
•Animals excrete waste through lungs (carbon dioxide),
skin (sweat), kidney (urine)
•Plants excrete waste (carbon dioxide) through leaves

9. Nutrition
•ALL living things need ________ and ________ to
stay alive
•Animals eat plants or other animals
•Green plants make their own food by photosynthesis
water food

10. OBJECTIVES:
•By the end of this lesson, you should
know:
i)The main differences between living things and non-
living things;
ii)Define diversity and classification;
iii)Classification of living organisms (plants, animals and
microorganisms) and their observable characteristics;

11. Diversity
- a wide variety of living organisms on
earth.
Classification
- to organise the wide diversity of
organisms on earth.

12. •Classification allows us to:
1.Group living organisms
2.Identify similarities
3.Create an easier way to identify organisms
•Living organisms are classified into _________,
___________ and ______________
Classification of organisms
plants
animals microorganisms

15. Hibiscus

16. Pine
Pine tree

17. Ferns Algae

18. Mammals
Amphibians
FishBirds
Reptiles
Animals
Vertebrates
(With backbones)
Invertebrates
(Without backbones)
Arthropods
Annelids
Molluscs

19. Characteristics of
Birds
Warm –
blooded
Lay eggs with
Hard shell
Have feathers
Have beaks
Breathe
through lungs
Have wings
(but not all can
fly)

20. BIRDS
hornbill
eagle
duck
parrotpigeon
hummingbird

21. Characteristics of
Mammals
Warm –
blooded
Give birth to
young
Young feed on
milk from
mammary glands
Breathe
through lungsBody covered
with fur/ hair
* Platypus is an egg-laying mammals.

22. MAMMALS

23. MAMMALS THAT LAY
EGGS
platypus
Anteater

24. Characteristics of
Fish
Cold –
blooded
Body usually
covered with
scales
Live in fresh
water or sea
Breathe
through gills
Have fins &
Tails to swim

25. FISH
angelfishgoldfish
Sardine fish
clownfish

26. Guppy fish
Mollies
Swordtails

27. Characteristics of
Reptiles
Cold –
blooded
Live on landEggs with tough,
leathery shells
Breathe
through lungs
Have dry skin with
horny scales

28. REPTILES
snake
tortoise
iguana
chameleon
turtle

29. Characteristics of
Amphibians
Cold –
blooded
Live both on
land & in water Breathe
through lungs
and moist skin
Have moist skin
without scales
Lay eggs in
water

30. AMPHIBIANS

31. Reptile: Leathery egg
Amphibian:
Soft egg

32. Vertebrates
•Warm-blooded animals have internal body
temperature that do not change the temperature
regardless of surrounding temperatures
- They generate own heat
 when in a cooler
environment, and cool themselves when in a hotter
environment
- _____________ and _______________ are warm
blooded animals
mammalsbirds

33. •Cold-blooded animals have internal body
temperature that follows the temperature of
their surroundings
- They are hot when their environment is hot
and cold when their environment is cold
- ____________, _____________ and
_____________ are cold-blooded animals
Fish reptiles
amphibians

34. Invertebrates
• Molluscs
• Annelids
• Arthropods

35. MOLLUSCS
•Have ________ bodies covered with _______
•Have ___________ foot for movement
•Examples: __________________
shellsoft
muscular
Snails, octopus, squids
snail
squid
slug
octopus

36. ANNELIDS
•They have ____, ________ bodies that
divided into _____________
•_______ on each segments
•Examples: ____________________
longcylindrical
many segments
bristles
Earthworms, leech, fireworm

37. segment

38. ARTHROPODS
Insects
Crustaceans
Myriapods
Arachnids

39. ARTHROPODS
•Body is divided into ____________.
•Body is covered with _______________ which
gives them ______ and _______ them
Insects _______ pairs of legs e.g ant
Arachnids_______ pairs of legs e.g scorpion
Myriapods ____________ pairs of legs
e.g centipede
segments
hard exoskeleton
shape protect
three
four
More than four

41. Arachnids

42. Myriapods
Crustaceans

43. MicroOrganisms
Very small
•Can only be seen under
microscope
•Found everywhere
•NOT plants or animals

44. Fungi
Microorganisms
Bacteria Virus

45. BACTERIA
Lactobacillus acidophilus
-unicellular (ONE cell) organism
-larger than virus.
- visible under microscope

46. Penicillium roqueforti.
mozzarella
Useful bacteria
-can break down dead
matters
- used to curdle milk in
process of making yoghurt
and cheese

47. Crown gall disease
Harmful bacteria
- cause diseases in
plants and animals
Infection on
fish

48. FUNGI
-no roots, stems or leaves
-feed on dead matter or living
organisms
-Some fungi, Penicillium
notatum is useful in producing
antibiotics, penicillin
-Others causes fungal infection
e.g ringworms

49. Diseases caused by fungi
Athlete's foot

50.  extremely ______ (can be
seen under __________
microscope)
 cause diseases such as
_______, ________,
___________ and ________
small
electron
AIDS
H1N1
Influenza
Hepatitis
VIRUS
HIV
SARS
H1N1

51. OBJECTIVES:
•By the end of this lesson, you should
know:
i)The main differences between living things and non-
living things;
ii)Define diversity and classification;
iii)Classification of living organisms (plants, animals and
microorganisms) and their observable characteristics;
iv)How to construct a classification key.

52. Classification key shows how the organisms are
grouped according to their common characteristics
Allows us to look up information easily and used to
identify individuals or groups of organisms
To make a classification key, you need to identify the
similiarities and differences between organisms

53. Classification key
•Step 1: Identify ONE main difference and divide into 2
groups
•Step 2: Within the two groups identify another difference
and divide into two
•Step 3: Continue identify the differences and further
divide them
•Step 4: Draw up the key according to your classification