chapter 2 THE HISTORY OF TOURISM and hospitality.pptx

macro perspective in tourism industry

1. THE HISTORY OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY LEARNING OBJECTIVES; • Describe the History of Tourism • Describe the History of Hospitality • Explain the origin, events and tourism and hospitality industry in the Philippines • Identify important contributions of the pioneers of Tourism and Hospitality

2. EARLY TOURISM • Tourism comes from the Hebrew word "torah," which meaning "education, teaching, or law." • Tourism is derived from the Old Saxon term "torn,“ which means "leave with the aim of returning" in certain books. • Travel (from the word "Travail") has evolved from something that only a few people (the wealthy) could do to something that anybody can do.

3. EARLY TOURISM • The two reasons why people travel is • for Business • for Religious • The Sumerians invented money and wheels.

4. EARLY TOURISM • The Greeks' creation of the Olympic Games in 776 B.C. led to the development of another type of travel for entertainment. • They built horse stables every 6 miles, and these specific sites can be used to replace fatigued horses or get new hose to travel faster - Petrol stations.

5. EARLY TOURISM • One of the most important pilgrimage destinations in the 14th century was St. Jame of Galicia, which is located in Spain. • The word “Holiday” was derived from an Old English phrase hāligdæg (holy day). • For English pilgrims had to obtain and carry permits - passports

6. MEDIEVAL PERIOD • The decline of the travel declined. • Religious travels were the only one who traveled during the period.

7. RENAISSANCE • Educational travel was offered as a new type of travel. • Young men's educational journey became known as the "Grand Tour." • The practice had become institutionalized for the top class of society by the 18th century.

8. RENAISSANCE • Another purpose of regular travel : health and culture. People who are sick look for cures, while others seek out culture. • Spas or medical baths. • Sanitas Per Aquas – “health through waters” • The term spa comes from the Spanish word espa -"fountain."

9. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • Travel grew in popularity. • Technological advancements and • Societal changes • Enjoyment (Leisure Travel) • People's increased productivity and urbanization provided them with the chance and financial means to take a vacation (“Staycation”)

10. MODERN TOURISM (19TH Century) • The development of two technological developments: • the building of a railway system • the creation of steam power. • Low-cost commercial aircraft • The invention of steam power which led to the popularity of day cruises and the development of resorts along the coasts of major cities throughout the world.

11. MODERN TOURISM (19TH Century) • Thomas Cook • First travel organizers to plan a railway journey between Leicester and Loughborough, England. • In 1866, he organized an American Tour. • "Cook's Circular Notes" - traveler's check. • The Baedeker, Most popular guide book of the century, Main book for Europeans.

12. MODERN TOURISM (20TH Century) • The growth of income, curiosity, and adventure attitudes among people at the turn of the twentieth century, as well as the development of more accessible, safe, and convenient transportation, propelled the leisure travel sector forward. • The development of motor cars-motorized public road transport boosted popularity of seaside tours. • Another is the interest in international travel. • The Tourism and Hospitality industry remains to be one of the major contributors to economic diversification and source of foreign exchange.

13. HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

14. Ancient period • Sumerians: • They are the earliest recorded hospitality industry. • They also introduced money and writing • Alcoholic beverages – the Beer which were considered to be safest drink than their water. • Taverns the very first hospitality business

15. Ancient period • Early Traders • Establishment of caravanserai along the Silk Road. • Caravanserais were classified as "guest homes" or "roadside inns“ that were built to accommodate visitors and traders for the night.

16. Empires: 3200 BC to 476 AD • Egyptian Empire: • Egyptian hospitality is well-known - large feast held in honor of their distinguished visitors and dignitaries. • Egyptians were the first to start the tourism and hospitality industry • Famous pyramids

17. Empires: 3200 BC to 476 AD • Greek Empire: • The emergence of inns and taverns in ancient Greece. • Inns and taverns were highly regarded and provided excellent meals to travelers. • One of the many reasons they were regarded as one of the most hospitable empires of their time was because of this.

18. Empires: 3200 BC to 476 AD • Roman Empire: • Trade, interchange of products, battles, road networks, religious activities, sports, and tourist sites are all possible contributors to the growth of travel and tourism. • Roman technologies such as Roman law, cement, concrete, and army, wild cuisine, animal fat candles, and roman numerals may have aided travel and tourism both directly and indirectly. • Khans which were a combination of stables, sleeping quarters, and castles, were built. These were basic structures that provided protection not just from the elements, but also from foes and robbers.

19. Medieval Period (Dark Ages) • Innkeeping practically vanished after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD • Christians had a responsibility to provide hospitality to tourists and pilgrims. • “ Xenodocheions ” Greek word that means “inns or resting places” • The Hospice of St. Bernard was the most famous of these monastery-shelters. • The Roman roads became known as post roads were relay stations converted to “posthouses” or “posting houses” – which served as a lodging facility • In Europe, rest houses for pilgrims were established by Charlemagne

20. Renaissance: 1350 AD to 1600 AD • There was a decrease in the number of available restaurants or dining establishments throughout this time. • In England, taverns, pubs, and inns did not serve food or drink, and the higher class disregarded these establishments.

21. Early Modern Period: 1600AD to 1800AD • The stagecoach was the most popular means of transportation. • In the 1600s, a rule requiring innkeepers to acquire licenses. • Innkeepers are obligated to accept all travelers under the common law. • The common law created two principles that are still followed in our hospitality business law today: innkeepers must insure (insurance) their guests' property and ensure their safety.

22. Early Modern Period: 1600AD to 1800AD • A type of eating place for commoners was introduced at England in the 16TH century which is called ordinary. • Boulanger • Restaurants, a French word that means "restoratives,“ were the name for these establishments. • A dish composed of sheep's feet with a sauce was one of the items on his menu. • France - Café. Café is the French word for “coffee”. • Café Procope

23. The Industrial Era: 1800s • The Industrial Revolution • It is a time marked by the industrialization of society and economies, • the invention and mechanization of various kinds of transportation, including railways.

24. Modern Period • Nineteenth Century • The evolution of the hotel business. • Hotel began serving food and beverages to the travelers. • Sophisticated facilities that supplied superior rooms and dining areas to the general public • The creation of various hotel selling facilities such as hotel bars, hotel pools, and hotel architectural improvements. • The term "restaurant" was then used to refer to a hotel's dining room.

25. Modern Period • Twentieth Century • The development of a hospitality culture among people, presented a major financial opportunity. • Many large hotel chains began operating in the mid-twentieth century. • Automobiles became immensely popular. • The rise of motels, which are accommodation facilities erected beside major highways • In the year 1980, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) announced the 27TH day of September as “World Tourism Day”

26. Modern Period • Twenty-First Century • The integration of technological advancements into the hospitality industry • Engineering advancements enabled the construction of taller and more technological hotels.

27. Origin of Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines Dates Milestone 1950 Philippine Tourist and Travel Association was established as a private initiative to promote the Philippine as the major travel destination 1956 The Philippine Congress created the Board of Travel and Tourist Industry 1973 -The Department of Trade and Tourism was divided into two departments that led to the creation of the Department of Tourism as a new level of Cabinet by President Ferdinand Marcos. Agencies such as Philippine Tourism Authority and Philippine Convention Bureau were created under the Department of Tourism and it was renamed as Ministry of Tourism 1986 The Department of Tourism was reorganized under President Corazon Aquino’s Executive Orders 120 and 120-A, and the Philippine Convention Bureau was renamed the Philippine Convention Visitors Corporation . 1998 The Department of Tourism played a key role in the culmination of the centennial celebrations of the Philippines' independence from Spain.

28. Origin of Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines2003 Under Secretary Richard Gordon, the Department of Tourism launched one of its most successful tourism promotion projects, Visit Philippines 2003. 2009 The passage of Republic Act No. 9593, also known as the Tourism Act of 2009, resulted in improvements in the country's tourism industry. 2010 Korean was considered as the biggest contributor to the number of tourists in the Philippines 2012 Following the marketing campaign titled "It's more fun in the Philippines," there was a significant increase in the growth of tourism in the Philippines. 2013 South Koreans visited the country in total number of 1.17 million. Americans, Japanese, Chinese, Australians, and Taiwanese were next.

29. Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Ellsworth Milton Statler (Hotel Man of the Half Century Cesar Ritz (The Hotelier of Kings and King of Hoteliers)

30. Cesar Ritz's vision and commitment to excellence in hospitality played a pivotal role in shaping the luxury hotel industry. His innovative ideas and dedication to customer service continue to influence the standards of hospitality around the globe.

31. Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Thomas Cook (The Father of Modern Tourism) Conrad Hilton (The Biggest Hotel Man in the World”

32. Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry John Willard Marriott (Founder of Marriott Corporation Howard Dearing Johnson (The Pioneer of Restaurant Franchising

33. Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Ray Kroc Isadore Sharp (Man for All Seasons)

34. Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Ruth Fertel

35. Factors that favor the growth of tourism and hospitality Rising disposable income for large sections of the population Growth in the number of retired persons who have the desire and the energy of travel Increase in discretionary time Grater mobility of the population Growth in the number of “singles” Greater availability through credit cards and bank loans Higher educational levels The growth of cities Simplification of travel through the package tour Growth of multinational business Modern transportation technology Shift in values Advance in communication Smaller families and changing roles

36. Rising disposable income for large sections of the population refers to an increase in the amount of money that individuals or households have available for spending and saving after deducting taxes. This rise in disposable income can have significant economic and social implications. Here are several aspects associated with the phenomenon of rising disposable income: Improved Quality of Life: Increased disposable income allows individuals and families to afford a higher standard of living. They can spend more on goods and services that contribute to overall well-being, such as better housing, healthcare, education, and recreational activities. Consumption Patterns: Rising disposable income often leads to changes in consumption patterns. People may shift from essential goods to more discretionary or luxury items, contributing to increased demand for various products and services.

37. An increase in discretionary time refers to an expansion of the time individuals have available for leisure, recreational activities, and personal pursuits beyond obligations such as work, education, and essential daily tasks. This phenomenon can have several implications for individuals, communities, and society as a whole. Here are some key aspects associated with an increase in discretionary time: Quality of Life: More discretionary time allows individuals to enhance their overall quality of life by engaging in activities that bring personal satisfaction, happiness, and fulfillment. Leisure and Recreation: People with additional discretionary time have the opportunity to participate in leisure and recreational activities. This can include hobbies, sports, cultural events, and entertainment, contributing to a more well-rounded and balanced lifestyle. Health and Well-being: Increased discretionary time may provide individuals with the opportunity to prioritize their health and well-being. This can include exercising, practicing mindfulness, and adopting healthier lifestyle choices. Family and Social Connections: Having more time available allows for stronger family and social connections. Individuals can spend quality time with family members, friends, and community, fostering meaningful relationships. Personal Development: Discretionary time can be dedicated to personal development, including learning new skills, pursuing education, and engaging in self-improvement activities. This contributes to individual growth and resilience.

38. Greater mobility of the population refers to the increased ability of people to move around, travel, or relocate within and between geographical areas. This increased mobility can have various implications, both positive and negative, and it is influenced by social, economic, technological, and environmental factors. Here are some key aspects related to greater population mobility: Transportation Infrastructure: Improved transportation infrastructure, such as roads, highways, railways, airports, and public transportation systems, facilitates easier and faster movement of people. Enhanced infrastructure contributes to increased mobility within cities, regions, and countries. Economic Opportunities: Greater mobility allows individuals to access a wider range of economic opportunities. People can commute to work, explore job prospects in different areas, and engage in businesses that require transportation of goods and services. Urbanization: The migration of people from rural areas to urban centers contributes to greater mobility. Urbanization is often associated with improved job prospects, better amenities, and access to education and healthcare.

39. The growth of cities, often referred to as urbanization, is a global phenomenon with significant social, economic, environmental, and cultural implications. Urbanization involves the increasing population and expansion of urban areas, leading to the development and transformation of cities. Here are key aspects associated with the growth of cities: Population Migration: Cities attract people from rural areas in search of better economic opportunities, improved living standards, and access to amenities and services. This migration contributes to the growth of urban populations. Economic Opportunities: Cities serve as economic hubs, offering a wide range of job opportunities, industries, and markets. The concentration of businesses and services in urban areas attracts people seeking employment and economic advancement.

40. The growth of multinational businesses, also known as multinational corporations (MNCs) or transnational corporations (TNCs), refers to the expansion and establishment of business operations in multiple countries. This global expansion allows companies to operate on an international scale, taking advantage of new markets, resources, and opportunities. Market Expansion: Multinational businesses expand their operations globally to reach new markets and consumers. This helps them diversify their customer base and reduce dependence on a single market.

41. Modern transportation technology has undergone significant advancements in recent years, transforming the way people and goods move from one place to another. These technological innovations aim to enhance efficiency, safety, sustainability, and overall convenience. Technological Advancements: Technological innovations, such as advancements in transportation technology and the rise of digital platforms, have further facilitated mobility. Apps for ride-sharing, navigation, and telecommuting have become integral in enhancing people's ability to move around.

42. A shift in values refers to a change in the collective beliefs, principles, and priorities held by a society, community, or group of individuals. This shift can manifest in various aspects of life, including cultural, social, economic, and political domains. Changes in values often reflect evolving attitudes, perspectives, and priorities. Health and Well-being: Shifts in values related to health and well-being may be influenced by changing attitudes toward fitness, mental health awareness, and lifestyle choices that promote overall well-being.

43. Advances in communication technology have significantly transformed the way people connect, share information, and collaborate. These advancements have had widespread implications across various aspects of society, business, education, and personal relationships. Here are key areas where there have been notable advances in communication: Mobile Communication: The proliferation of smartphones and mobile devices has revolutionized communication by providing instant and portable access to voice calls, messaging, email, social media, and internet services. Internet and Broadband Connectivity: High-speed internet and broadband connectivity have facilitated faster and more reliable communication. This has enabled seamless access to online content, video conferencing, and real-time collaboration. Social Media Platforms: Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn have created new avenues for communication, allowing individuals to share information, connect with others, and engage in real-time conversations on a global scale.

44. The trends of smaller families and changing roles within families reflect shifts in societal norms, values, and economic conditions. These changes have implications for family dynamics, gender roles, and social structures. Environmental Considerations: Some individuals choose smaller families as a response to environmental concerns, aiming to reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to sustainable living. The trends of smaller families and changing roles within families are complex and vary across cultures and regions. These shifts reflect ongoing social transformations and have implications for individuals, communities, and societies as they adapt to evolving family structures and dynamics.