Chapter 2vvkjnvlibibiubibvuyvyviyvi.pptx

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1. of Variables Classification

2. Introduction Contents 01 Numeric 02 Categorical 03 Experimental 04 Non-experimental 05 Accdg. to the no. being studied 06

3. Any property or factor that a researcher measures, controls, and /or manipulates. It is a logical set of characteristics, numbers, or quantities that can be measured or counted. Variables

4. variables with values that normally describe a measurable numerical quantity 1. Numeric Variable -these can be obtained by measuring or computation Examples: income, time, height, weight, length A. Continuous variables B. Discrete variables -these can be obtained by counting & assume any whole value within the limits of given variables Examples: no. of family members, number of votes,

5. variables with values that normally describe a measurable numerical quantity Numeric Variable -these can be obtained by measuring or computation Examples: income, time, height, weight, length A. Continuous variables B. Discrete variables -these can be obtained by counting & assume any whole value within the limits of given variables Examples: no. of family members, number of votes,

6. variables with values that normally describe a measurable numerical quantity Numeric Variable -these can be obtained by measuring or computation Examples: income, time, height, weight, length Continuous variables B. Discrete variables -these can be obtained by counting & assume any whole value within the limits of given variables Examples: no. of family members, number of votes,

7. 2. Categorical Variables A. Ordinal Variables - these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked Examples: academic grades such as A, B, C, rank such as first, second, third -these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked - these variables represent only two categories when observed and measured Examples: gender (male or female), answer (yes or no) C. Dichotomous Variables B. Nominal Variables - these are values that cannot be arranged in a logical order or sequence Examples: nationality, hair and eye color D. Polychotomous Variables - these are variables that can have more than two values Examples: educational attainment ( elementary, high school, college, graduate, post graduate)

8. D. Polychotomous Variables - these are variables that can have more than two values Examples: educational attainment ( elementary, high school, college, graduate, post graduate) A. Ordinal Variables 2. Categorical Variables - these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked Examples: academic grades such as A, B, C, rank such as first, second, third -these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked - these variables represent only two categories when observed and measured Examples: gender (male or female), answer (yes or no) C. Dichotomous Variables B. Nominal Variables - these are values that cannot be arranged in a logical order or sequence Examples: nationality, hair and eye color

9. 2. Categorical Variables A. Ordinal Variables - these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked Examples: academic grades such as A, B, C, rank such as first, second, third -these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked B. Nominal Variables - these are values that cannot be arranged in a logical order or sequence Examples: nationality, hair and eye color D. Polychotomous Variables - these are variables that can have more than two values Examples: educational attainment ( elementary, high school, college, graduate, post graduate) - these variables represent only two categories when observed and measured Examples: gender (male or female), answer (yes or no) C. Dichotomous Variables

10. 2. Categorical Variables A. Ordinal Variables - these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked Examples: academic grades such as A, B, C, rank such as first, second, third -these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked B. Nominal Variables - these are values that cannot be arranged in a logical order or sequence Examples: nationality, hair and eye color D. Polychotomous Variables - these are variables that can have more than two values Examples: educational attainment ( elementary, high school, college, graduate, post graduate) - these variables represent only two categories when observed and measured Examples: gender (male or female), answer (yes or no) C. Dichotomous Variables

11. 2. Categorical Variables A. Ordinal Variables - these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked Examples: academic grades such as A, B, C, rank such as first, second, third -these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked - these variables represent only two categories when observed and measured Examples: gender (male or female), answer (yes or no) C. Dichotomous Variables B. Nominal Variables - these are values that cannot be arranged in a logical order or sequence Examples: nationality, hair and eye color D. Polychotomous Variables - these are variables that can have more than two values Examples: educational attainment ( elementary, high school, college, graduate, post graduate)

12. 2. Categorical Variables A. Ordinal Variables - these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked Examples: academic grades such as A, B, C, rank such as first, second, third -these are values that can be logically arranged or ranked B. Nominal Variables - these are values that cannot be arranged in a logical order or sequence Examples: nationality, hair and eye color D. Polychotomous Variables - these are variables that can have more than two values Examples: educational attainment ( elementary, high school, college, graduate, post graduate) - these variables represent only two categories when observed and measured Examples: gender (male or female), answer (yes or no) C. Dichotomous Variables

13. -anything that can change or be changed 3. Experimental Variables a. Independent Variables - these are manipulated variables that cause a change in another variable b. Dependent Variables -these variables are usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variables - these are responses or effects that result from the treatment or condition employed c. Extraneous Variables -these are not included in the study but may affect the dependent variable

14. -anything that can change or be changed 3. Experimental Variables a. Independent Variables -these variables are usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variables - these are responses or effects that result from the treatment or condition employed - these are manipulated variables that cause a change in another variable b. Dependent Variables c. Extraneous Variables -these are not included in the study but may affect the dependent variable

15. -anything that can change or be changed 3. Experimental Variables a. Independent Variables -these variables are usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variables - these are responses or effects that result from the treatment or condition employed - these are manipulated variables that cause a change in another variable b. Dependent Variables c. Extraneous Variables -these are not included in the study but may affect the dependent variable

16. -anything that can change or be changed 3. Experimental Variables a. Independent Variables -these variables are usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variables - these are responses or effects that result from the treatment or condition employed - these are manipulated variables that cause a change in another variable b. Dependent Variables c. Extraneous Variables -these are not included in the study but may affect the dependent variable

17. Example: Title of Research: AN EXPERIMENT ON THE METHODS OF TEACHING AND LANGUAGE ACHIEVEMENT AMONG ELEMENTARY PUPILS IV: Methods of Teaching DV: Language Achievement EV: Ventilation; Physical Ambiance

18. Example: Title of Research: USE OF GARDENING TOOLS AND TYPES OF FERTILIZER: THEIR EFFECTS ON THE AMOUNT OF HARVEST IV: Use Of Gardening Tools, Types of Fertilizer DV: Amount of Harvest EV: Humidity Level, Types of Seeds/Plants

19. 4. Non- experimental Variables a. Predictor Variables -these change the other variable/s in a non-experimental study B. CRITERION Variables -these variables are usually influenced by the predictor variables

20. 4. Non- experimental Variables a. Predictor Variables -these change the other variable/s in a non-experimental study B. CRITERION Variables -these variables are usually influenced by the predictor variables

21. 4. Non- experimental Variables a. Predictor Variables -these change the other variable/s in a non-experimental study B. CRITERION Variables -these variables are usually influenced by the predictor variables

22. Example: Title of Research: COMPETENCIES OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOR IN SELECTED PRIVATE SCHOOLS PV: Competencies of Teacher CV: Students’ Behavior

23. Example: Title of Research: Conduct of Guidance and Counseling Programs and Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-out Rate Among Grade 8 Classes PV: Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs CV: Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-out Rate

24. Example: Title of Research: The Types of Facilities, Administrator’s Profile, and Parents’ Support Towards School Effectiveness Among Public Senior High School PV: Types of Facilities; Administrator’s Profile; Parent’s Support CV: School Effectiveness

25. 5. Variables according to the no. being studied A. UNIVARIATE STUDY Only one variable is being studied B. BIVARIATE STUDY Two variables are being studied C. POLYVARIATE STUDY More than two variables are being studied

26. 5. Variables according to the no. being studied A. UNIVARIATE STUDY Only one variable is being studied B. BIVARIATE STUDY Two variables are being studied C. POLYVARIATE STUDY More than two variables are being studied

27. 5. Variables according to the no. being studied UNIVARIATE STUDY Only one variable is being studied B. BIVARIATE STUDY Two variables are being studied C. POLYVARIATE STUDY More than two variables are being studied

28. 5. Variables according to the no. being studied UNIVARIATE STUDY Only one variable is being studied B. BIVARIATE STUDY Two variables are being studied C. POLYVARIATE STUDY More than two variables are being studied

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