Chapter 3 - MIS Applications and Relationships Presentation.pptx

information technologies inline line with business management

1. Information Technologies DM211 Presentation to Diploma in Management Class of 2023 Date: 24 March 2023 Presenter: Pamela F. Mudzamba

2. What is a computer ? Device that can automatically perform a set of instructions The computer takes as input these instructions as a single unit, uses them to manipulate the data, and outputs the results in user-- specified ways The processing is fast , accurate and consistent, and is generally achieved without significant human intervention

3. Information Technologies What is Information Technology – the use of any computer storage, networking or other physical devices, infrastructure and processes in order to create, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data Business Personal entertainment Commercial use

4. Uses of IT Access to information Save time Innovation Communication Education Reduce financial risk

5. Introduction to Hardware and Software Generally, a Computer System consists of the following components: Computer Users - users who use the overall computer system. Application Software - software which users use directly to perform different activities including browsers , Word, Excel, different Editors, Games etc. usually written in high-level languages, such as Python, Java and C++. System Software - more complex in nature and nearer to computer hardware. These software are usually written in low-level languages like assembly language and includes Operating Systems (Microsoft Windows, macOS , and Linux), Compiler, and Assembler etc. Computer Hardware - the physical parts of a computer e.g. CPU, mouse, includes Monitor, Keyboard, CPU, Disks, Memory, etc. Hardware and software are essential parts of a computer system Operating System (OS) - interface between a computer user and computer hardware, performing all basic tasks including file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers Software components are the set of instructions that we store and run on our hardware. Together, they form a computer

6. Types of Hardware and Software Hardware - storage Devices, Input Devices, Output Devices, and Internal components Software - Operating Systems, Application Software, and Programming Software

7. Computer Hardware Platforms What is a Computer Platform? A computer platform - a system that has a hardware system and an operating system to allow the user to run programs, applications and processes Includes a personal desktop computer using the Windows operating system, an iPad that is using the iOS system, a minicomputer running a version of the Linux operating system, as well as many other variations It is important to define the system when understanding the requirements and limitations of how the system will be used in business

8. Components of a Computer Platform All computer platforms - same general hardware: a processor, operating memory, and storage Some form of input/output devices for user interaction The processor - calculations and processing of data The operating memory - where the instructions for operations and some of the data is temporarily stored for rapid access by the processor Storage is the more permanent location of the processes and the data

9. Types of Computer Hardware Platforms Hardware platform – A set of compatible hardware on which software applications can be run Mainframe Computers, Minicomputers, and Personal Computers

10. Mainframes AKA enterprise servers Occupies entire rooms or floors Used for centralized computing Serve distributed users and small servers in a computing network Large, fast and expensive computer Bigger in size than minicomputers Very expensive Support a few hundred users simultaneously ( Multi - Users ) Difficult to use More computing power than minicomputers Have to be kept in a special air-conditioned room Used in big business organizations and government department

11. Personal Computers Personal computers - platforms that operate for an individual and, for the most part, are stand alone devices Broadest type of platform and includes many devices that people use everyday Smart phones have the hardware components and an operating system, such as Android or iOS, so they classify as a Personal Computer Platform Include desktop computers and laptops, Tablets, such as the iPad or Fire tablet, Physically , these platforms would be the smallest, ranging from handheld, or smaller, to the larger desktops The capability of this type of platform has greatly improved over the last few decades. Amazingly, a modern smart phone has more processing capability than mainframes of the 1970's and 1980's.

12. Mini Computers Computer platforms - medium size and capacity More capabilities than personal computers, but they do not operate on the mainframe computer scale This classification emerged in the 1970's as a niche between the mainframe and personal computer but has become less prevalent as computer capability has improved Used for scientific and engineering computation, database management, and other processing that exceeds the capabilities of a personal computer but doesn't require the capacity and expense of a mainframe Popular for proprietary business applications A niche market which is now populated with the small to medium sized servers

13. Hardware Trends Miniaturization A rchival ability Increasing hardware costs Increasing user independence User empowerment through new software technologies, shorter computer-system life cycles Increasingly rapid development and support of specialized industries e.g. healthcare

14. Software Platforms Usually an operating system that runs a device, such as your laptop or your phone Operating Systems: A collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs Acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware Often a low level Software which is categorised as a System Software and supports a computer's basic functions, such as memory management, tasks scheduling and controlling peripherals etc.

15. Types of OS There are plenty of Operating Systems available in the market which include paid and unpaid (Open Source ) Windows: This is one of the most popular and commercial operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft. It has different versions in the market like Windows 8, Windows 10 etc and most of them are paid Linux : Unix based and the most loved operating system first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Today, it has 30+ variants available like Fedora, OpenSUSE , CentOS, UBuntu etc. Most of them are available free of charges though you can have their enterprise versions by paying a nominal license fee MacOS : This is again a kind of Unix operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001 iOS: This is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its mobile devices like iPhone and iPad etc Android: This is a mobile Operating System based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets

16. Functions of OS Process Management I/O Device Management File Management Network Management Main Memory Management Secondary Storage Management Security Management

17. Application Software and Platforms Classifying applications according to computing platforms has become more complicated A platform - hardware/software combination in which an application runs In the early days of computing, this amounted to a computer operating system , which is why some software works with a Windows OS, while other software operates only on iOS or Unix. Cloud computing, which means that many applications no longer rely on operating systems. Rather, they run on the web and may be accessed through a browser As you may have guessed, the final application platform – increasingly becoming the most important – is the mobile platform.

18. From Applications to Apps Apps for mobile devices - huge part of the application software market, leading to the ubiquitous use of the term "app .“ Refer to a mobile application Type of software which is often much smaller and more specific than that on a PC Usually narrow and specific function – or very little function at all, as many mobile applications are designed for entertainment Popularized by Apple through its App Store, where applications are sold for a few dollars apiece. These apps work only on Apple devices. So, other companies have followed Apple’s lead, creating apps for Android

19. Programming Software Computer programmers use programming software to write code Programming software and programming tools enable developers to develop, write, test and debug other software programs. Examples of programming software include assemblers, compilers, debuggers and interpreters Software programming - writing computer code that enables computer software to function Software programming is not the same as software development. Development is the actual design of a program while programming is the carrying out of the instructions of development People who program software are called computer programmers

20. Types of Software Programming Software programs are usually categorized into the programming languages that are compatible with them. JavaScript: JavaScript is commonly used on websites to add interactive elements. SQL (Structured Query Language ): SQL is a database query language that allows websites to transfer data from large databases Python . Python is a language used for a wide variety of things, from web apps to data analysis. Java . Java is typically used in video games and mobile apps, including apps for Android devices. C#: Comparable to Java, C# is used for Microsoft apps. Many of these programs offer certification from the company that developed them. For instance, Oracle has the Oracle Certified Associate Java Programmer (OCAJP) and the Oracle Certified Professional Java Programmer (OCPJP) certification. Certification typically involves passing an exam; getting certified is an important step in proving your knowledge and finding employment as a computer programmer.

21. Software Trends Artificial Intelligence (AI) Machine Learning Internet of Things ( IoT ) Cybersecurity DevOps 5G Virtual and augmented reality