Chapter 4 Government Organization PA103 PUB-AD

organizational management

1. ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

2. Table Of Content 01 03 05 02 04 06 GOVERNMENT AS AN ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT FUNCTION MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ORGANIZATION THEORIES ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND STRUCTURE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT

3. At the end of the chapter, the students are expected to: Discuss the government as an organization. Identify and discuss the theories of organization. Identify and discuss the four functions of management. Discuss the concept of organizational design and structure. Describe the environment and culture of an organization. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

4. Government as an Organization What is the meaning of organization? The concept according to Richard Daft (2010) pertains to "a social entity that is goal-directed and deliberately structured" Though brief, this definition of Daft is loaded with terms that provide ample explanation to the concept of organization. Social identity suggests that the organization is made up of two or more people while goal directed implies that the organization is created for the purpose of achieving specific goals.

5. Government as an Organization Laurie Mullins (2010) also provided another useful definition in understanding the concept of organization. According to Mullins, organization is "an important part of the society involving both public and private sectors including the charities and the voluntary sectors" Mullins in the end noted that the survival of an organization depends on its people, objectives, structures, and management. The same is true with any public organization that is created to serve the interests of the general public.

6. Management Functions according to Daft (2010) refers to "the attainment of the organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources" Daft suggests two crucial ideas that speak of the attainment of goals in an efficient manner and the traditional functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. In the scholarly work The five functions of management Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling - Henri Fayol

7. Organizational Design and Structure Stephen Robbins, David Decenzo, and Mary Coulter (2004) provided a clear and detailed discussion about the concept of organizational design and structure. According to Robbins, Decenzo, and Coulter pertains to "the formal divisions, groupings, and coordination of tasks within an organization" while the term organizational design refers to the "idea of developing and changing the structure of the organization"

8. Organizational Design and Structure organizations is anchored on the following essential elements: work specialization, span of control, chain of command, departmentalization, formalization, decentralization as well as centralization,

9. Management Techniques Effective leadership , competent workforce , adaptive structure , and adequate resources comprised all the essential elements in putting together a leaner and more productive organization in the second half of the 20th century. these important elements and relegated them into what modern managers called as the "normative organizational necessities".

10. Management Techniques The role of management technique as Argenti implies is to provide the managers with all the crucial inputs in delivering a favorable decision for the organization. Whatever management technique is chosen, it is expected to bring the planned changes not to mention the issues or problems that it intends to resolve

11. Management Techniques There are several management techniques that have been developed and adapted in the years following the Second World War. Some of the popular and practical management techniques include, Total Quality Management , Management by Objectives, Strategic Management, and New Public Management

12. Organizational Culture According to John Macionis (2009), culture refers to "the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people's way of life" It covers both thoughts and things that in turn comprised the normative and material aspects of culture.

13. Organizational Culture The normative aspect involves the ideas developed by the members of the society while the Material aspect comprises the physical things created to make life easier and gratifying to all the members of the society. Organizational culture according to Daft (2010) pertains to "the patterns of shared beliefs and assumptions on how things are done within the organization.

14. Organizational Environment What is organizational environment and why is it important? Organizational environment is something that many organizations cannot simply ignore in the present time. Organizational environment is a common household term that is often mentioned in the field of organization and management. The concept according to Stephen Robbins, David Decenzo, and Mary Coulter (2013) can be classified into internal and external environments

15. Organizational Environment The internal environment is made-up of organizational culture, managers and subordinates, policies and guidelines, structures and processes, and symbols and practices.

16. Organizational Environment The external environment on the other hand is something that cannot be restrained or influenced by the organization. It pertains to a confluence of factors, forces, and situations according to Robbins, Decenzo, and Coulter that affect the performance of the organization. These factors, forces, and situations are beyond the control of the organization as they exist outside its sphere of influence.

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