Chapter 4 payment systems in e-commerce

Credit cards are dominant form of online payment, accounting for around 80% of
online payments in 2005
-New forms of electronic payment include:
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
Digital
Digital
Online
Digital
Digital
Digital
Wallet
cash
stored value systems
accumulating balance payment systems
credit accounts
checking

1. Chapter 4
Payment Systems & E-Banking
By:
Marya Sholevar
Department of Banking and Finance

2. All business activities need the support of payment system, so
does the e-commerce. As e-commerce process transactions
through the Internet, it requires a more secure, stable and
efficient payment system for supporting commerce done
electronically. By the success of online banking and online
payment in recent years, the market seems to have a solution for
e-commerce. Online payment can be conducted in different
means, such as intelligent card (IC), e-check, e-Wallet, e-Cash
etc. This chapter briefly introduces the online banks and the
online payment tools that are common used in e-commerce.
1-Payment Systems

3. 2-1 Cash
2-2 Checking Transfer
2-3 Credit Card
2-4 Stored Value
2-5 Accumulating Balance
2-Types of Payment Systems

4. -Legal tender defined by a national authority to represent value
-Most common form of payment in terms of number of
transactions
-Instantly convertible into other forms of value without
intermediation of any kind
-Portable, requires no authentication, and provides instant
purchasing power
-Free” (no transaction fee), anonymous, low cognitive demands
-Limitations: easily stolen, limited to smaller transaction, does not
provide any float
2-1 Cash

5. -Funds transferred directly via a signed draft or check from
a consumer’s checking account to a merchant or other
individual
-Most common form of payment in terms of amount spent
-Can be used for both small and large transactions
-Some float
-Not anonymous, require third-party intervention (banks)
-Introduce security risks for merchants (forgeries,stopped
payments), so authentication typically required
2-2 Checking Transfer

6. -Represents an account that extends credit to consumers,
permitting consumers to purchase items while deferring
payment, and allows consumers to make payments to
multiple vendors at one time
-Credit card associations: Nonprofit associations (Visa,
MasterCard) that set standards for issuing banks
-Issuing banks: Issue cards and process transactions
-Processing centers (clearinghouses): Handle verification of
accounts and balances
2-3 Credit Card

7. Accounts created by depositing funds into an account
and from which funds are paid out or withdrawn as
needed
*Examples: Debit cards, gift certificates,prepaid
cards, smart cards
2-4 Stored Value

9. -Accounts that accumulate expenditures and to which
consumers make period payments
Examples: utility, phone, American Express accounts
2-5 Accumulating Balance

10. -Credit cards are dominant form of online payment,
accounting for around 80% of online payments in 2005
-New forms of electronic payment include:
3-1 Digital Wallet
3-2 Digital cash
3-3 Online stored value systems
3-4 Digital accumulating balance payment systems
3-5 Digital credit accounts
3-6 Digital checking
3-Current Online Payment
Systems

11. -Concept of digital wallet relevant to many of the new digital
payment systems
-Seeks to emulate the functionality of traditional wallet
-Most important functions:
*Authenticate consumer through use of digital
certificates or other encryption methods
*Store and transfer value
*Secure payment process from consumer to merchant
-Most common types are client-based software applications:
Gator eWallet.com, asterCard Wallet
3-1 Digital Wallets

12. -One of the first forms of alternative payment systems
-Not really “cash”: rather, are forms of value storage and
value exchange that have limited convertibility into other
forms of value, and require intermediaries to convert
-Many of early examples have disappeared; concepts
survive as part of P2P payment systems
3-2 Digital Cash

14. -Permit consumers to make instant, online payments
to merchants and other individuals based on value
stored in an online account
-Rely on value stored in a consumer’s bank, checking,
or credit card account
3-3 Online Stored Value
Systems

16. -Another kind of stored value system based on credit-card
sized plastic cards that have embedded chips that store
personal information
Two types:
*Contact
*Contactless
-Examples: Mondex, Octopus
3-3-1 Smart Cards as Stored
Value Systems

17. -Allows users to make micropayments and purchases on
the Web, accumulating a debit balance for which they are
billed at the end of the month
-Examples: Qpass, Valista, Clickshare, Click & Buy,
Peppercoin
3-4 Digital Accumulating
Balance Payment Systems

18. -Extend the functionality of existing credit cards for use as
online shopping payment tools
-Focus specifically on making use of credit cards safer and
more convenient for online merchants and consumers
-Example: eCharge
3-5 Digital Credit Card
Payment Systems

20. -Extend the functionality of existing checking accounts
for use as online shopping payment tools
-Examples: PayByCheck, Western Union MoneyZap
3-6 Digital Checking
Payment Systems

21. -Mobile payment (m-payments) systems not very well
established yet in U.S, but with growth in Wi-Fi and 3G
cellular phone systems, this is beginning to change
-Juniper Research predicts global m-commerce will total at
least $88 billion by 2009, majority of transactions will be
micro-m-payments
4- Digital Payment Systems and
the Wireless Web

22. -Online payment systems for monthly bills EBPP expected
to grow rapidly, to an estimated 40% of all households by
2007 Main business models in EBPP market include:
*Biller-direct
*Consolidator
5- Electronic Billing Presentment
and Payment (EBPP)

23. -Processed in much the same way that in-store purchases
are
-Major difference is that online merchants do not see or
take impression of card, and no signature is available (CNP
transactions)
-Participants include consumer, merchant, clearinghouse,
merchant bank (acquiring bank) and consumer’s card
issuing bank
6- How an Online Credit Card
Transaction Works

25. -Security: neither merchant nor consumer can be fully
authenticated
-Cost: for merchants, around 3.5% of purchase price plus
transaction fee of 20 – 30 cents per transaction
-Social equity: many people do not have access to credit
cards (young adults, plus almost 100 million other adult
Americans who cannot afford cards or are considered poor
risk)
6-1 Limitations of Online
Credit Card Payment Systems

26. -E-channels enable financial transactions from anywhere and
allow non-stop working time. E-channels like: Internet, WAP
based mobile network, Automatic Telephone, ATM network, …
-E-Bank is transforming banking business into e-Business
through utilizing e-Channels.
-Customers’ requests are:
*Non-stop working time
*Using services from anywhere
E-channels provide:
-Working time 7/24h
-Great flexibility
7- Electronic Banking
7-1 Introduction

27. -Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) is a system of transferring
money from one bank account directly to another without
any paper money changing hands. EFT is safe, secure,
efficient, and less expensive than paper check payments
and collections. EFT offers several services that consumers
may find practical to be as a means of payment.
7-1 Introduction

28. Electronic money is money which exists only in banking
computer systems and is not held in any physical form.
7-2 Definition of Electronic
Money

29. The following terms all refer to one form or another of electronic
banking: -personal computer (PC) banking,
-Internet banking,
-virtual banking,
-online banking,
-home banking,
-remote electronic banking,
-and phone are banking.
PC banking and Internet or online banking is the most
frequently used designations.
7-3 Electronic Banking Forms

30. PC banking is a form of online banking that enables customers
to execute bank transactions from a PC via a modem. In most
PC banking ventures, the bank offers the customer a proprietary
financial software program that allows the customer to perform
financial transactions from his or her home computer. The
customer then dials into the bank with his or her modem,
downloads data, and runs the programs that are resident on the
customer’s computer.
7-3 Electronic Banking Forms

31. Internet banking, sometimes called online banking, is an
outgrowth of PC banking. Internet banking uses the Internet as
the delivery channel by which to conduct banking activity.
An Internet banking customer accesses his or her accounts
from a browser— software that runs Internet banking programs
resident on the bank’s World Wide Web server, not on the
user’s PC.
Internet banks are also known as virtual, cyber, net, interactive,
or web banks.
7-3 Electronic Banking Forms

33. 7-4-1 Choice and Convenience for Customers:
7-4-2 Attracting High Value Customers:
7-4-3 Enhanced Image
7-4-4 Increased Revenues
7-4-5 Load Reduction on Other Channels
7-4-6 Cost Reduction
7-4-7 Organizational Efficiency
7-4-8 Easier Expansion:
7-4 Benefits of E-Banking
(Importance of E-Banking)

34. In 70’s, banks started to establish centralized data processing
centers.
Essentially the roles of these data processing centers are:
-collect the handwritten documents from branches
-compile the documents
-manual data entry by the operators
-generate reports for the bank staff and the central bank
-execute some banking transactions
7-5 Technology
Commencement in Banking

35. In the mid-1980s, banks accepted product based banking and
competed with their products.
Banks developed new products for their customers.
-Credit card
-Credit deposit account (Super Account)
-Debit cards
Beside branch, banks brought new channels to give better
service to their customers.
-ATM
-POS
7-6 Product and Service
Based Banking

36. Debit Cards are plastic cards, which look like credit cards, but
are electronically connected to a card holder’s depository
institution account.
Money is automatically withdrawn from the designated account
when a purchase is made.
Debit cards can be used when there is not enough money in the
account, which will result in a non- sufficient fund fee.
7-6-1 Debit Card

37. Debit cards require the use of PIN (Personal Identification
numbers).
Personal Identification Number (PIN) is a number that is
entered in at an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) or Point
of Sale Terminal (POS)
This confirms that the individual is authorized to access
that particular account.
7-6-1-1 Personal Identification
Numbers(PIN)

38. Automated Teller Machines (ATM’s) are electronic
computer terminals which offer automated, computerized
banking.
Transactions allowed may include:
-Deposits
-Cash withdrawals
-Transfers between accounts
-Account balance information
7-6-2 Automated Teller
Machines

39. Point of Sale Terminal (POS), are located at stores and allows
the customer to use a debit card to make a purchase.
-A debit card’s magnetic strip is swiped through the POS.
-After the required PIN is provided, the transaction is
authorized.
-If the purchase is under $25.00 a signature may not be
required.
7-6-3 Point of Sale Terminal
(POS)

40. SWIFT or Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial
Telecommunication):
is a co-operative society, founded in 1974 by seven
international banks, which operate a global network to facilitate
the transfer of financial messages.
-transports financial messages in a highly secure way
-banks can exchange data for funds transfer between financial
institutions
-Can do money transfer, currency exchange, loan, deposit etc
-Improve the productivity and avoid error
7-6-4 SWIFT

41. SMS banking uses short text messages sent through the client’s
mobile phone.
-Kept updated on important information when it concerns your
business matters by SMS alert
-A client can automatically receive information about his
account balance: an SMS is sent to the client immediately after
a certain operation is performed, or on request: a client sends
the bank a correctly formatted message which processes it and
answers the client’s request by SMS.
Such as: *Check balance * Account Transfer
7-6-5 SMS Banking

42. -Customers can use their personal computers at home, office or
everywhere to access their accounts for transactions by
subscribing to and dialing into the banks’ Intranet proprietary
software system by use of password.
-More common among corporate customers compared to
individual customers.
-Reducing cost, increasing speed and improved flexibility of
business transactions. Such as Account balance, request
transfers between accounts, and pay bills electronically.
7-6-6 Internet Banking

43. • Online banking and e-banking are modern ways to conduct
banking transactions sitting in the comfort of one’s own hoe
without going to the bank physically.
• E-banking is broader in spectrum than online banking in the
sense that it encompasses the use of ATM cards for withdrawal
of money and making payments to merchants even without
going online.
7-7 Online Banking vs e-
Banking

44. Thank
You!