chapter_4.pptx book organizational behaviour

OB slides

1. Emotions and Moods Chapter 4 By: Dr. Sajjad Ahmad

2. The “Myth of Rationality” Emotions were seen as irrational Managers worked to make emotion-free environments View of Emotionality Emotions were believed to be disruptive Emotions obstructed with productivity Only negative emotions were observed Now we know emotions can’t be separated from the workplace 4- 2 Why Were Emotions Ignored in OB?

3. Affect, Emotions and Moods Affect: A broad range of emotions that people experience Emotions Intense feelings that Moods Feelings that tend to be are less directed at someone or something intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus

4. , • % A strong feeling deriving from one's c i r c u m s t a n c e s , m o od , o r r e l a t i o n s h i p s with others. "she was attempting to control her emotions" • • % 4 4 6 Emotions • I ntuitive feeling as distinguished from reasoning or knowledge. _ , • . 4 • 9+ } . - 4

5. , • 2 % • % • a temporary state of mind or feeling . "he appeared to be in a very good mood about something" 4 4 6 Mood _ , • . • a n angry, irritable, or resentful state of mind. "he was obviously in a mood" 4 • 9+ } . - 4

6. Emotions-Why Emotions Were Ignored in O B ► ► ► Emotions are critical factor in employee behavior. The "myth of rationality" Em otion s of an y k i n d ar e d i s r u p t i v e t o o r g a n i z a t i o n s . - Original OB focus was solely on the effects of strong negative emotions that interfered with individual and organizational efficiency.

7. Emotions- Aspects of Emotions ► ► Biology of Emotions - Originate in brain's limbic Intensity of Emotions - Personality - Job requirements system ► Frequency and Duration of Emotions - How often emotions are exhibited - How long emotions are displayed Functions of Emotions - Critical for rational thinking - Motivate people ►

8. Differentiate Emotions from Moods, List the Basic Emotions and Moods While not universally accepted, there appear to be six basic emotions: Anger Fear Sadness Happiness Disgust Surprise 4- 9

9. 4- 10 Insert Exhibit 4-2 Moods as Positive and Negative Affect

10. • • • • • • • • • Personality D a y a n d T i m e o f NOT Weather Stress Social Activities Sleep Exercise Age Gender the Week Sources of Emotions and Moods

11. Identify the Sources of Emotions and Moods Personality There is a trait component – affect intensity Day and Time of the Week There is a common pattern for all of us Happier in the midpoint of the daily awake period Happier toward the end of the week 4- 12

12. Identify the Sources of Emotions and Moods Weather Illusory correlation – no effect Stress Even low levels of constant stress can worsen moods Social Activities Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive moods 4- 13

13. Identify the Sources of Emotions and Moods Sleep Poor sleep quality increases negative affect Exercise Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed people 4- 14

14. Identify the Sources of Emotions and Moods Age Older folks experience fewer negative emotions Gender Women tend to be more emotionally expressive, feel emotions more intensely, have longer-lasting moods, and express emotions more frequently than do men 4- 15

15. Positive Moods are Highest Exhibit 8 - 3 O ur Moods A r e A ff e c ted b y t h e D a y o f th e W eek At the In the End of Middle the Week Part of the Day le ga ti ve m oo d s a re hi g h e s t o n S un d a y s a n d Mo n d a y s a n d al l th ro u g h o ut th e w eek Hi g h ~ P os i ti ve m oo d s a re hi g h e s t a t th e e n d of th e we ek "'U ~ A v erage z Exhibit 8 - 4 O ur Moo d s A r e A ff ec ted b y th e Tim e o f th e D ay P os i t ive m oo d pe ak s d u ri n g th e mi d d l e pa rt of th e d a y L ow Hi gh Mo n . Tu es . W ed . Thur s . Fri. Sa t . S un . D ay of tho woo k -l Ne g a ti ve a ffe ct < P os iti ve affect l Ave ra 9 e / Negative Moods are Highest At the Beginning of the Week And show little variation throughout N ega ti ve m o ods s h ow very littl e v a r i a ti o n ove r t h e d a y Lo w the day 9 . A M 3 : P M 6 : P M Tim e of day 9: . 00 P M M id ni g ht l oo n < Pos itive a lfe ct Ne ga ti v e a ffe c t © 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

16. Gender and Emotions Women Men • Believe that displaying emotions is • Can show greater emotional inconsistent with the male image expression Experience emotions more intensely Display emotions more frequently Are more comfortable in expressing emotions Are better at reading others' emotions • • • • Are innately less able to read and to identify with others' emotions • Have less need to seek social approval by showing positive emotions •

17. - Emotional Labor Emotional Labor: A situation in which employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions an Emotional dissonance: Inconsistencies between the emotions we feel and the emotions we project

18. Felt vs. D i s p l a y e d Emotions • Displayed Emotions • Felt Emotions • Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job • An individual's actual emotions

19. Affective Events Theory (AET) • Work events trigger positive and negative emotional reactions • I m p li c a t i o n s o f A E T • Individual response reflects emotions and mood cycles. C u rr en t an d p as t e m o t i o n s a f f e c t j o b s a t i s f a c t i o n . E m o t i o n a l f lu c t u a t i on s c r eat e v a r i a t i o n s i n j o b s a t i s f a c t i o n and performance. Both negative and positiv e emotions can distract workers and reduce job performance. • Personality and mood determine the intensity emotional response. E m o t i o n s ca n i n f l u e n c e br oa d r a n g e o f w o r k p e r f or m a nc e an d j o b s a t i s f a c t i o n v a r i ab l e s . • of the • a •

20. • The theory begins by recognizing that emotions are a response to an event in the work environment. The work environment includes everything surrounding the job-the variety of a u t o n o m y , j o b d e m a n d s , a n d r e qu i r e m e n t s f o r l a b o r . This environment creates work events that can tasks and degree of expressing emotional • be hassles, uplifting events, or both. Examples of hassles are colleagues who refuse to carry their share of work, conflicting directions from different managers, and excessive time pressures. Uplifting events include meeting a goal, getting support from a colleague, and receiving recognition for an accomplishment. •

21. • These work events trigger positive or negative emotional reactions, to which employees' personalities and moods predispose them to respond with greater or lesser intensity. People who score low on emotional stability are more likely to react strongly to negative events. And our emotional response to a given event can change depending on mood. Finally, emotions influence a number of performance and satisfaction variables, such as organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, level of effort, intention to quit, and workplace deviance. • •

22. 4- 24 Insert Exhibit 4-5