Chapter 4 Psychological Self Powerpoint Presentation

Chapter 4 Psychological Self Powerpoint Presentation

1. Psychological perspective of the self Chapter 4

2. Objectives Identify the different ideas in Psychology about the “self.” Create one’s own definition of the “self” based on the definitions from Psychology Analyze the effects of various factors identified in Psychology in the formation of the “self.”

3. Activity Who I think I am Who do you think I am based on what you see me do or say? (list 10-15 qualities or things that you think define who you are) (Should be filled out by your classmates without knowing who writes on your paper)

4. Analysis 1. Compare what you wrote about yourself to those written by your classmates. 2. What aspects are similar and which are not? 3. What aspects are always true to you? 4. What aspects do you think are not part of your personality?

5. Abstractions of the self The self is the sense of personal identity and who we are as individuals ( Jhangiani & Tarry, 2014). Distinction between “I” and “Me” (James, 1890) “I” = the thinking, acting, and feeling self ”Me” = physical characteristics as well as psychological capabilities that makes who you are Distinction between “I” and “Me” (Rogers, 1959) “I” = the one acts and decides ”Me” = what you think about yourself as an object Related to constructs such as identity and self-concept

6. THE SELF and its selves SELF- reference by an individual to the same individual person I- Knower ME- The person that is known

7. MAIN CONCEPTS OF THE SELF (James) ME-SELF- phenomenal self, experienced self, self-known I-SELF- self-thought or the self knower THREE CATEGORIES OF UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Constituents Feelings and emotions Self-seeking and self-preservation SUB CATEGORIES OF SELF Material self Social self Spiritual self

8. Conception of self THREE SIDES OF UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (Rogers) The Perceived Self- self-worth The Real Self (self-image) The Ideal Self (how the person would like to be)

9. Self-schema according to Carl Rogers People are not passive receivers, they actively shape and affect how they see, think, and feel about things or objects. Abstractions of the self

10. Multiplicity of the self The self has two subsystems (Rogers): (1) the self-concept- which includes all those aspects of one's identity that are perceived in awareness >Different from organismic self (2) t he ideal self- our view of our self as we would like it to be or what we would aspire to be. Once formed, the self-concept tends to resist change, and gaps between it and the ideal self result in incongruence and various levels of psychopathology .

11. Multiplicity of the self People are aware of both their self-concept and their ideal self, although awareness need not be accurate. For example, people may have an inflated view of their ideal self but only a vague sense of their self-concept. Rogers saw people as having experiences on three levels of awareness.

12. Multiplicity of the self Levels of Awareness (1) those that are symbolized below the threshold of awareness and are ignored, denied, or not allowed into the self-concept; (2) those that are consistent with the self-concept and thus are accurately symbolized and freely admitted to the self-structure. > Any experience not consistent with the self-concept even positive experiences—will be distorted or denied. (3) those that are distorted are reshaped to fit it into an existing self-concept.

13. The story of the Eagle…

14. He never knew that he could fly because he grew up with chicks *His actualization tendency is different from his Self Actualization (My wings are different but I know that I am a chicken– so I could not fly) *He always wanted to fly (Ideal self) but he knows that chickens could not fly (self concept) *Chicken friends tell him he’s different but denies it because he thinks he’s really a chicken

15. Perceived Self-Control

16. Self-Efficacy Self-Efficacy – A sense that one is competent & effective. -How competent we feel on the task. - Given challenging tasks, people who imagine themselves as hardworking and successful outperform those who imagine themselves as failures (Ruvolo & Markus, 1992).

17. High self-efficacy means high self-esteem?

18. You can have a high self-efficacy but low self-esteem. E.g . you might feel that you are really good at chess, but feel that your not important because the sport is not so relevant.

19. A. Locus of Control Locus of control -- The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces. “ Swerte lang ”, “Na- malas ako !” “The Law of Attraction” “ Kasi magaling ako ” “Because I practiced well”

20. A. Locus of Control Internal locus of control Y ou probably believe you control your own destiny. “I failed because I didn't ’ t study.” ‘They can because they think they can.” External locus of control Y ou probably feel chance or outside forces determine your fate. “I failed because my teacher didn’t like me by chance.”

21. Abstractions of the self -Theories generally see the self and identity as mental constructs created and re-created in memory . -current researches suggest that the frontal lobe is the specific are of the brain associated with processes concerning the self.

22. Symbolic interactionism (Mead, 1934) Suggests that the self is created and developed through human interaction (Hogg & Vaughan, 2010). 1. We do not create ourselves out of nothing. Society helped in creating the foundations of who we are. 2. We need others as reference points of our identity. We need others to reinforce our identity (e.g., social media interactions). 3. What we think as important to us may also have been influenced by what is important in our social or historical context (e.g., education)

23. SELF-AWARENESS Can be positive if … Can be negative if … --> When we are aware of o ur self-concepts

24. What happens when people lose hold of their sense of self? DEINDIVIDUATION

25. High social arousal + diffused responsibility = Deindividuation Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone Deindividuation - Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster responsiveness to group norms, good or bad.

26. Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone Group Size Has the power to arouse and render individuals unidentifiable . Physical Anonymity B eing anonymous makes one less self-conscious , more group-conscious , and more responsive to cues present in the situation

27. Diminished Self-Awareness Diminished self-consciousness tend to disconnect behavior from attitudes. U nself -conscious, deindividuated people are less restrained, less self-regulated, more likely to act without thinking about their own values, and more responsive to the situation.