Chapter 4_TRP (Parenthood and Responsible Sexuality.pdf

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2. JONAS PARANGAT ANGELICA HERMONO JAMELA PELENIO ANGELIE VALDEZ
PATRICIA PALISOC
SERGIO DELA CRUZ
HANNAH KRISTINE AGBUYA
JOLINA FABROS MAYET SARMIENTO

3. The Latin root word is fertilis, "bearing in abundance or fruitful,"
from ferre, "to bear “. The ability to conceive and bear children,
the ability to become pregnant through normal sexual activity.
Fertility is the ability to have babies or to reproduce. When
fertility rates in a community increase, more babies are born.
Fertility Rate. The ratio of live births in an area to the population
of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year.
Fertility can be ascertained from statistics of births. The study of
fertility does not indicate the level of fecundity for which there is
no direct measurement.
Fertility meaning:

4. According to Thompson and Lewis
“fecundity is a biological potential the
physiological capacity to participate in
reproduction. The absence of this potential
is known as in fecundity or sterility it is
capacity to conceive or bear children.
What is Fecundity?

5. Fertility behavior of a given time gives
shape to the future age-sex structure.
Studying the fertility behavior has an
implication on the overall welfare planning
process.
Produce the alterations in the size of a
population.
IMPORTANCE.

6. 1.Oral pills
2.Loops
3.Condom
4.Abortion
5.Infanticide
OTHER SOCIAL FACTORS
1. Age of marriage
2. Polygamy
3. Separation and divorce
4. Widowhood
5. Post partum abstinence
6. Celebacy
7. Frequency of coitus
INDIRECT SOCIAL FACTORS DIRECT FACTORS
INFLUENCING
1. Food supply
2. Economic conditions
3. Family system
4. Social status of women and
level of education
5. Political system
6. Attitude towards children
7. Desire to maintain status
8. Religion

7. Most of the UDCs are poverty ridden and the couple
remains at home, as that cannot afford going out, and
enjoy sex, which increases fertility.
Due to poverty, there is always shortage of protein in
body, which is responsible for higher fertility.
CAN POVERTY DETERMINE FERTILITY?

8. Early and child marriage has been observed that in
developing countries due to climatic and other reasons,
girls reach puberty at an early age and as such the period
of reproduction of girls is lengthy.
After marriage, LDCs, women are considered to live in the
house , settle that and produce children. Since chances of
employment and educational facilities are limited,
therefore, women always live at home and feel pleasure
in bringing up and playing with their children. Thus
fertility goes up.
FERTILITY AND AGE AT MARRAIGE

9. Fertility among educated women is lower as compared with illiterate
women.
Education and fertility have started close relationship.
1. Educated women are quite conscious of having a limited family size.
2. At an age when there are very bright chances of having good fertility,
the girls are in the colleges and university and thus do not get children
which during this period uneducated girls get.
3. In many cases educated women get employed and with employment
they cannot afford to have more children.
4. Span of child producing time in the case of educated women is less, as
compared with illiterate women.
EDUCATION FERTILITY

10. In developed countries, percentage of educated women
is always higher, as compared with the UDCs.
Since women and men are both enlightened, they do
not allow fertility rate to go up, as long as that is
considered absolutely necessary by the couple.
Usually educated women get married at the late stage
and also believe in the concept of small planned
family.

11. Desire for planned family,
High living standard,
Urbanization,
Education among the women,
Non- dependence on men,
Awakening among women,
Decreasing influence of religion,
Emotional needs of children and
Status symbol.
CAUSE OF DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY IN THE DCs

12. Early and child marriage,
Poverty
Religious and social values
Lack of female education
Less social awakening
No desire for high living standard
Agriculture as the main occupation
Difficulties in family planning programmes
Less urbanisation
Less expensive bringing up.
CAUSE RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINE FERTILITY IN UDCs

13. Reproductive health us a state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive
system and to its functions and processes.
This implies that people are able to have satisfying and safe
sex life and that they have capability to reproduce and the
freedom to decide if , when and how often to do so.
ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological
development that generally occurs during the period from
puberty to adulthood.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

14. Adolescence is phase of life between childhood and adulthood,
from 10 to 19. It is a unique stage of human development and an
important time for laying the foundations of good reproductive
health.
To grow and develop in good reproductive health, adolescents
need information, an age-appropriate sexual education and a safe
and supportive environment.
WHY DO ADOLESCENTS NEED TO LEARN ABOUT GOOD REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH?
CONCERNS OF ADOLESCENTS
Lack of proper sex education often leads to unprotected sex,
unintended pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. Difficulties
associated with the sexual approaches and encounters are not the only
challenge in adolescence.

15. Adolescent pregnancies are the global problem occurring in high,
middle, and low-income countries. Around the world, however,
adolescent pregnancies are more likely to occur in marginalized
communities, commonly driven by poverty and lack of education and
employment opportunities.
Unsafe Abortion- Adolescents and young people are more likely to
have an unsafe abortion, which is the termination or ending of a
pregnancy by an unskilled, non-medical provider.
Give special attention to those vulnerable young adolescents and those
risk of irreversible harm tp their reproductive health and right
Provide a group of service for young people, such as voluntary
counselling and early sex education
Here are some strategies in promoting good reproductive health to young
people.
1.
2.

16. 3. Include support mechanisms for education about
reproductive health
4. Support the counseling for adolescents in the areas of
gender relations and equality
5. Teach the adolescents about responsible sexual
behavior
6. Hold conventions about HIV and AIDS preventions
"AWARENESS IS THE KEY TO PREVENTION"

17. Sexuality is a lifelong physical, mental, and emotional journey.
Infants: birth-2 years old
Toodlers:3-4 years old
Children: 5-8 years old
Preteens: 9-12 years old
Teens: 13-18 years old
Young adult: 19-24 years old

18. Explore body parts
Experience the genital pleasure
Learn expected behaviors for boys and girls
Become aware of and very curious about gender, body
differences, and their origin.
Copy adult behavior
Establish an internal belief about their gender
Infants this age might:
Toddlers this age might:

19. Be very curious about pregnancy and birth
Begin to focus on peer group style of dress
Discover their sexual orientation

Begin puberty
Feel awkward and wonder, “am I normal?’’
Begin experiencing mood swings
Develop romantic crushes and increased sexual interest
Masturbate to an organism
Be strongly influenced by peers, but parents remain the main source
of values
Desire more privacy
Children this age might:
Preteens this age might:

20. Express a desire to be more independent
Participate in risk-taking
Become involved in a romantic relationship
Explore sexually related content on social media
Complete the process of physical maturation
Take on adult roles and responsibilities
Enter into intimate sexual and emotional relationships.
Teenagers this age might:
Young adults this age might:

21. Doesn’t Require Perfect Time
No Need to Have Kids Yet
Role of Young Parents
Financially Stable
Understanding and Tolerant
Learn to Become Responsible Individuals
Lack of Understanding
Compatibility Issues
Financial Security Issues
Higher Risk of Miscarriages or Abortions
Lack of Complete Education
They Still Have a Lot to Learn
Tendency to Make Compromises
Marrying Young
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:

22. Establishing sexual identity
Developing sexual experience
Assessing sexual compatibility
Identifying sexual problems
Better communication of feelings
Higher happiness rate
Better intimacy with the partner
Loss of interest
Fear of pregnancy
Fear of STDs
Fear of breakup
Single parent situation
Less understanding partner
Having Pre-Marital Sex
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:

23. You Will Have Your Own Space
You Will Argue Less With Your Partner
Independence
You Will Spend Less Yet Quality Time With Your Partner
There Will Be More Intimacy
Expensive
Trust Issues
Socially Less Acceptable
You Will Feel Lonely And Left Out
Missing Out On Shared Experiences
Living Apart Together (LAT)
ADVANTAGES :
DISADVANTAGES:

24. Spending time apart to see how you both feel about your relationship.
An uninsured spouse may remain covered on the spouse’s insurance
policy.
If you end up divorcing, you could transform your separation agreement
into a divorce decree, making it easier for you and yours
You will face legal expenses, just as you would in a divorce.
An unethical spouse could take advantage of the situation to deplete
jointly-held marital assets.
Legally separating may make one or both of you feel like your entire life
is on hold
Separated
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:

25. References:
https://www.slideshare.net/ReshmaSuresh19/fertility-and-its-indicators
https://youtu.be/CgOHv0_e_6Y
https://greengarageblog.org/14-pros-and-cons-of-early-marriage
https://youtu.be/QZWd-fhmqmQ
https://www.marriage.com/advice/physical-intimacy/physical-intimacy-before-marriage/
https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/living-apart-together/
https://www.tilfordlaw.com/blog/2021/05/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-a-legal-
separation/

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