chapter+5_metabolism topic presentation for uni

Metabolism

1. Chapter 5 Microbial metabolism

2. Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism Metabolism The sum of controlled biochemical reactions within cells of an organism Ultimate function of metabolism is to reproduce the organism Catabolism and Anabolism Catabolic pathways break larger molecules into smaller products; exergonic (release energy sometimes referred to as spontaneous) Anabolic pathways synthesize large molecules from the smaller products; endergonic (require more energy than they release; sometimes referred to as non-spontaneous)

3. Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (Redox) Transfer electrons from one molecule (donor) to another (acceptor) always occurs simultaneously Cells use electron carrier molecules (often with H atoms) Three important electron carriers Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + → NADH) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP + → NADPH) Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) → FADH 2

4. REDOX reaction “OIL RIG”

5. Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism ATP Production and Energy Storage Organisms release energy from nutrients; can be concentrated & stored in high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP Phosphorylation – organic phosphate is added to substrate Cells phosphorylate ADP to ATP in three ways Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation Anabolic pathways use some energy of ATP by breaking a phosphate bond

6. Enzyme Function [INSERT FIGURE 5.5]

7. Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism The Roles of Enzymes in Metabolism Catalysts Many protein enzymes are complete in themselves Others are composed of protein portions ( apoenzymes ) that are inactive if not bound to non-protein cofactors ions coenzymes apoenzyme + cofactor(s) = holoenzyme Some RNA molecules = ribozymes Inorganic cofactor Active site Coenzyme (organic cofactor) Apoenzyme (protein) Holoenzyme

8. Chemical Reactions using enzymes

9. Factors affecting enzyme function [INSERT FIGURE 5.7]

10. Protein Conformation relates to Functionality [INSERT FIGURE 5.8]

11. Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism

12. Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism

13. [INSERT FIGURE 5.11] Feedback Inhibition