CHAPTER 5 METAPHYSIC FOR PHIOSOPHY AND CURRENT ISSUES

CHAPTER 5 METAPHYSIC FOR PHIOSOPHY AND CURRENT ISSUES

1. METAPHYSICS
Dr. Sarah Athirah Saruchi

2. Metaphysical Questions
Is there God in
this world?
WhoisGod?
Is space real
or an illusion?
??????

3. Definition1

4. definition
metaphysics
philosophy
religion
META
BEYOND
over / beyond / above
MATERIAL
material / physical
nature
PHYSICS
Something that goes beyond the
physical limits.
METAPHYSICS
2nd
ORDER STUDY
1
st
order refers to study
about physical nature

5. definition
metaphysics
philosophy
religion
Related to
philosophical notions.
PHILOSOPHY
Related to religion
matters and belief.
RELIGION
1 2

6. definisi
metaphysic
s
philosophy
religion
PHILOSOPHY
A study at the most
abstract, or most general
level of a
thing/phenomenon/nature
Seeking an understanding
of matter or the existence
of something that exists
Focus on cause-and-
effect relationships
MATTER
CAUSE AND
EFFECT
01

7. definition metaphysics
philosophy
religion
RELIGION
Phenomena outside the real world
Things we cannot
confirm through our
senses.
Can be confirmed
through other means
such as revelation.
butHEAVEN
ORHELL?
02

8. Areas of
Metaphysical Studies2

9. COSMOGONY
FREE-WILL &
DETERMINISM
METAPHYSICAL
AREAS OF
STUDIES
ONTOLOGY
CAUSALITY

10. The theory that discusses about the
nature of something that is said to be
‘existed'
The study of the fact of
everything or the reality of
existence
Human Nature
(PSYCHOLOGY)
The essence of God
(THEOLOGY/
USULUDDIN)
The reality of the
universe
(COSMOLOGY)
GOD
Ontology

11. Causality
A causes B
A is the reason
for B to occur

12. A branch of astrophysics that
discusses the origin and structure
of the universe broadly.
How did the formation of
universe, asteroids and solar
system?
Cosmogony

13. Free-will and
determinism
Everything that happens is only according to the law
that has been set.
DETERMINISM
Man has the right to determine his own will.
FREE-WILL

14. Metaphysical Theory3

15. •Anything that can be seen.
Examples: mountains, cars
•Assume the existence of body
and matter is real.
•Ideas have no reality of their
own and depend on
something of a physical
nature which is brain.
•Denying spiritual/invisible
things.
•Reject religion.
MATERIALISM
•The existence of immaterial
objects.
•Reality is not material, but
mental or idea/spiritual.
•George Berkeley.
•Tend to believe the spiritual
beliefs. Example: spirit.
IDEALISM

16. Vertical & Horizontal
Relationships4
Human -God(Vertical) | Human –Human& Human-Nature

17. GOD
NATUREHUMAN
Vertical relationship
Horizontal relationship

18. RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
HUMAN

19. This reality is limited only
to the existence of real
things. Therefore, God
does not exist.
Believe that God exists, even
though its existence is
invisible.
Human understanding is
limited. Whether God exists
or not, human does not know.
Theology

20. ThisbeliefsaysthatGodis
onlyone.
Emphasisingthe
OnenessofGod.
Believe that God
exists.
But the existence of
God is more than one.
Believed by some religions.
THEISM
POLYTHEISM
MONOTHEISM

21. Not limited
Reality
Materialist
Integration
Reality is not just
limited to the
physical nature.
Reality is not
limited to material
or spiritual in
nature but
encompasses
both.
In contrast to
materialists who
deny spiritual
things.
Reality can also arise
from something that
we cannot see such
as the existence of
angels.

22. RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN

23. “and surely, We gave you an authority on the
earth and appointed for you therein provisions
(for your life). Little thanks do you give”.
(Surah al-A’araf: 10)
The earth is equipped with all the resources of life (food resources) that are abundant
for humans to continue living.

24. •Studythecosmosor
universe,theexistenceand
changeoftheuniverse
fromthebeginningofits
creationtothepresentand
beyond.
COSMOLOGY
•A branch of science that
studies habitats and the
interactions between
living things and the
environment.
•The word was coined by
Ernst Heckel(1866).
ECOLOGY

25. RELIGION’S VIEW ON NATURE
“…and seek not mischief in the land. Verily,
Allah likes not Mufsidun(those who commit
great crimes and sins, oppressors, tyrants,
mischief-makers, corruptors)” -
-Surah al-Qasas: 77 -
Caliph
Taking care of environment

26. “
”
“The effect of ‘karma’ that befalls a human being is
based on the good and bad deeds he does to the
environment”.
Hinduism
-Dr M BalaThamalingam-

27. “
”
“I brought you into a fertile land to eat its fruit and rich produce. But
you came and defiled my land and made my inheritance detestable”.
Christianity
-Jeremiah 2:7-

28. “
”
“This nature lives even if it does not move. Believers are
taught to always be aware that the universe is always alert
to the actions of human beings. Humans have to take care
of environment, as a sign of loving and respecting it”.
Buddhism

29. Conclusion
30
•Metaphysicsisafieldofknowledgethatextendsfarbeyondthe
physicalormaterialrealm.So,weneedtorealisethatthereare
manymorerealmsthatwecannotsee.
•Maintainaverticalrelationship(withGod)andahorizontal
relationship(withnatureandotherhumanbeings).