Chapter 7_Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy.pptx

Introduction,
Scope and importance of various health screening services - for routine monitoring of patients,
Early detection,
And referral of undiagnosed cases

1. By: Mr. Vinay D. Gaikwad Chapter 7: Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy

2. Contents: Introduction, Scope and importance of various health screening services - for routine monitoring of patients, Early detection, Referral of undiagnosed cases.

3. Introduction: Health Screenings are medical tests that doctors/pharmacists/health care professionals use to check for diseases and health conditions before there are any signs or symptoms. Screenings help find problems early on, when they may be easier to treat.

4. Health screening helps you find out if you have a particular condition even if you feel perfectly well, without any symptoms and/or signs. Early detection, followed by treatment and good control of the condition can result in better outcomes, and lowers the risk of serious complications.

5. What is included in a health screening? In general, a basic health screening involves for most adults, depending on age, doctors will recommend a screening schedule that includes regular physical exams, body mass index (BMI), skin checks, cholesterol and blood pressure screening, blood sugar level, eye exams, lung function test, bone density check, immunizations and screening for sexually transmitted diseases.

6. Scope and Importance of Various Health Screening Services: Screening can help us live longer and healthier lives. Screening essentially helps in identifying diseases in people who do not yet have any symptoms or signs of it. Mass screening for certain common diseases is often recommended and can be cost effective. The goal of such screening is to improve health outcomes; an example is early detection of high blood pressure. Such detection can help prevent stroke and heart disease by timely start of medication and counseling for lifestyle changes such as losing weight, giving up smoking, cutting down on salt and regular exercises.

7. In the near future screening will become even more important. In fact some companies are already offering their services by doing a genetic profile of a person and providing them a risk profile of potential diseases that they may be prone to.

8. There are several reasons that help establish the importance of health screening. Identifies underlying issues: Helps in early detection: Relieves anxiety: Helps avoid unnecessary precautions: Puts you in control: Allows focus on crucial areas: Catches the signs before complications: Ensures early intervention and less invasive treatment: Helps you to take preventive care: Pinpoints ailments that are unexpected:

9. Health Screening standards include six main criteria as follows: 1. Proper use and maintenance of the equipment. 2. Receiving adequate training and improving the competence of personnel involved in the screening process. 3. Documented procedures for recording the results. 4. Safety issues regarding body fluids handling. 5. Explanation of results. 6. Monitoring of screening outcomes and referral processes.

10. Health screening services may be offered to individuals who are at high risk for a specific disease. The procedures for the following health screening services are explained in detail. Measuring blood pressure for hypertension Checking blood glucose levels for diabetes mellitus Calculation of body mass index (BMI) Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) by peak flow meter for asthma

11. Measurement of Blood Pressure: A person is considered as hypertensive when on two or more consecutive measurements if diastolic blood pressure is more than 90 mmHg and the systolic blood pressure is more than 140 mmHg. Poor control of blood pressure may cause target organ damage like cardiac, cerebro vascular, renal and ocular and may become a cause for death. Advantages: New hypertensive patients can be detected Can help patients to monitor their BP and observe the usefulness of medications . J¡E Motivate the patients to improve medication adherence behavior Can prevent hypertensive consequences Can minimize the work load of General practitioner.

12. Measurement of Capillary Blood Glucose: Blood glucose measurement within a pharmacy can provide valuable information in identifying the individuals with abnormal blood glucose levels. It helps the individual with diabetes and unable to perform his/her own blood glucose monitoring. Pharmacist may send a written report through the patient to the physician for further follow up only. In consultant with the prescriber, the pharmacist can counsel the patient regarding the management of the disease. Measurement of capillary blood glucose (CBG) has become simple with the recently introduced Glucometers .

13. How to measure blood glucose levels: To measure blood glucose, a device called Glucometer is required. Glucometers function on calorimetric principle. Glucometers strip is used. This glucometer strip possesses a hallow place or an identified place, where a blood drop should be placed . The blood reacts with the reagent present in the identified space and color change is detected by the glucometers . Before measuring, the glucometer should be placed in safe and comfortable place. Insert the strip into the device. This will turn on the machine. Sterilize the finger with antiseptic agent. Prick the finger with safe disposable lancet and place the drop of blood on the strip at the loading place . The machine gives the result within 5 to 30 seconds.

14. Body Mass Index (BMI): Body mass index (BMI) is a statistical measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to both adult men and women. BMI is the most widely used diagnostic tool to identify weight problems whether individuals are underweight, overweight or obese.