Chapter II - Computer Hardware Components & Peripherals.pdf

Computer Hardware components and Peripherals

1. CHAPTER II:
COMPUTER COMPONENTS &
PERIPHERALS
JOHN PAUL R. RAMONES
INSTRUCTOR I

2. TOPICS
Inside the case
Motherboard
Processors
Memory
Adapters and buses
Power Supplies and batteries
Input Devices
Output Devices

3. LEARNING OUTCOMES

4. INSIDE THE CASE
The System Case encloses most of the key components of the personal computer,
including the motherboard, power supply, and expansion cards. The motherboard
holds the microprocessor, memory, ROM and most of its electronic components.

5. MOTHERBOARD
Motherboard
– is a circuit board that contains the electrical circuitry for
the computer.
– it holds all the components, slots and chips in our
system unit.
Northbridge Chip – handles communication among CPU chip, RAM, expansion cards and southbridge.
South Bridge Chip – handles communication among I/O devices such as USB, audio, BIOS, OpticalDD,
storage, etc.
BIOS (System input output System) – is a software that runs when computer is started and configures the
hardware and boot options

6. MOTHERBOARD (CONT.)
Back panel Ports- are built-in ports located at the back of the system unit.
•PS2 mouse/keyboard ports
•Parallel Port
•Serial Port
•VGA Port
•HDMI Port
•USB Universal Serial Bus Type A Port
•Ethernet Port
•Audio ports
•Microphone port
•Speaker port
•Line-in port

7. PERSONAL SYSTEM/2 (PS/2) PORTS
A PS/2 port connects the mouse or keyboard to the
computer system.
Purple is dedicated for Keyboard.
Green is dedicated for Mouse.
This port is being superseded by USB ports.

8. PARALLEL PORT & CONNECTOR
Commonly found on PCs from the early 1980s to early
2000s.
It was used to connectperipheral devicessuch
asprintersand externalstorage devices.
It was eventually superseded byUSB, which provides a
smaller connection and significantly faster data transfer
rates.
A standard parallel port connector has two rows of 25 total
pins surrounded by a metal casing
Parallel Connector
Parallel Port

9. SERIAL PORT/CONNECTOR
A serial port is a type of communication interface that
transfers information in or out sequentially one bit at a
time.
It is used to connect old devices such as printers, scanners,
and other peripherals to a computer.
It was eventually superseded byUSB

10. VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY (VGA)
An interface to transfer video data for displays.
Commonly used for monitors & projectors.
This port is being superseded by HDMI.

11. HI-DEFINITION MULTIMEDIA INTERFACE
(HDMI)
An interface to transfer video and audio data to
display and play sound.
Commonly used for monitors & projectors.
Widely used today.

12. UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB) PORT
USB was designed to standardize the connection of peripherals to personal computers, both to
communicate with and to supply electric power.
It has largely replaced interfaces such as serial ports and parallel ports, and has become
commonplace on a wide range of devices.

13. ETHERNET PORT & CONNECTOR
Ethernet Connector Ethernet Port
This allows computers to
connect to a network and/or
internet usually made of copper
wires.

14. AUDIO PORTS
Microphone
Port
This allows computers to connect to a
network and/or internet usually made
of copper wires.
Line-in
port
Lin-out
port

15. MOTHERBOARD (CONT.)
SERIAL ADVANCED Technology Attachment (SATA)
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)

16. SERIAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
ATTACHMENT (SATA)
SATA isa computer bus interface that connects host bus
adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk
drives,optical drives,andsolid-state drives.

17. INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS (IDE)
IDE cableis a type ofcablethat
connects a hard disk drive or optical
disc drive to a computer’s motherboard.
IDE is an older standard that is
gradually being replaced by SATA.

18. PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT
EXPRESS (PCI-E)
isa high-speed serial computer
expansion bus standard, designed to
replace the older PCI, PCI-X and AGP
bus standards

19. MAIN MEMORY
Random Access Memory (RAM) Card – Volatile memory that acts as a
temporary memory for running applications.
Volatile – The data will be deleted or gone once
the power source is cut-off.
The higher the memory (RAM) the more
applications could run at the same time.
SODIMM
•DIMM, DDR1
•DDR2, DDR3
•DDR4, DDR5
Notch

20. MAIN MEMORY (CONT.)
RAM frequency is measured in MHz and usually immediately
follows the DDR version.
For example, 8GB DDR4-2400 RAM is running at a frequency of
2400MHz.
Frequencies of RAM typically range from 800MHz in older DDR2
modules up to6800MHz in DDR5.

21. PROCESSORS
CPU (Central Processing Unit) – also known as the “Electronic Brain of the
Computer”. It performs all the calculations and processes the data into the
computer.
Several Examples of Processors are:
•Intel “i” Chip series Celeron, i3, i5, i7, i9,
•AMD,
•Snapdragon,
•Apple’s A bionic Chips

22. PROCESSORS (CONT.)

23. PROCESSORS (CONT.)
Notch & Triangle – serves as an indicator
which orientation the CPU chip is to be
placed on the CPU socket.

24. SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE)
DISK DRIVES
SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD) HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD) OPTICAL DISK DRIVE (ODD)
FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (FDD)

25. BUSES
BUS is a common electrical pathway between multiple devices.
INTERNAL BUSES EXTERNAL BUSES ORDINARY CABLES

26. POWER SUPPLIES AND BATTERIES
UPS (Interruptible Power
Supply) – Serves as a
backup power for devices.
Laptop Battery – Built-in battery &
removable battery for laptops.
PSU (Power Supply Unit) –
distributes power to the
whole system unit

27. INPUT DEVICES
Input Devices are used for entering data into a computer. It is any hardware
component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer or
mobile device.
Examples: Keyboard, Pointing Devices, Microphone, Scanners,
Headset, Webcam

28. INPUT DEVICES (CONT.)
Pointing Devices – is an input device that allows a user to control a
small symbol, on a screen, called pointer. Desktop usually use a mouse
as their pointing device, and laptops use a touchpad.
Mouse – is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand
comfortably. Use to control movement of the pointer and send
instructions to the computer or mobile devices.
▪Touchpad – is a small flat rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and
motion. To control the pointer with a touchpad, slide your fingertip across the surface of
the pad.

29. INPUT DEVICES (CONT.)
Voice & Video Input – Some devices and computers that enable use to speed data
instruction using voice and to capture live full-motion images using video input.
Microphone is an input device that enables us to speak in a
computer or mobile device, most mobile devices have
built-in microphones.
Headset – which contains both microphone and speaker.
▪Webcam – is a digital video (DV) camera that allows us to
capture video and usually audio input for your computer or
mobile devices

30. INPUT DEVICES (CONT.)
Scanners – is a light sensing input device that converts
printed text and images into a form the computer can
process.
Keyboards – Contains keys you press to enter data and instructions
into a computer or mobile device. Contains letters of the alphabet,
numbers, punctuation marks, and basic keys.

31. OUTPUT DEVICES
Output – uses to convey text, graphics, audio and video. Output devices is
any hardware component that conveys information from a computer or
mobile device to one or more people.
Examples: Printers, Displays, Speaker.
Printers – is an output device that produces text and graphic on a physical
medium, such as paper or other material.

32. OUTPUT DEVICES
Hard Copy or Printout – is the printed content.
3D Printer – can print solid objects, such as clothing,
prosthetics, eye wear, implants, toy parts, prototypes, and
more. 3D (Three-dimensional) printers may use variety of
substance, including plastic, nylon, wood, bronze, and copper
to print the layers that create a 3D model.

33. USB PORTS
TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C

34. END OF CHAPTER II