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1. HARAR HEALTH SCIENCES COLLEGE 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 1 DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES Module name: Health Informatics Module code: HInf-M4421

2. CHAPTER 6 Clinical Information System 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 2

3. Clinical Information System eHealth EMR Patient Monitoring Systems CDSS 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 3

4. Introduction to eHealth :- eHealth:- refers to the use of digital technologies and telecommunications to support health and healthcare delivery. It encompasses a wide range of services and tools that improve the efficiency, accessibility, and quality of healthcare. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 4

5. Con.. (WHO) defines eHealth as:- a method concerned with improving the flow of information, through electronic means, to support the delivery of health services and the management of health systems. eHealth generally is defined as the use of ICT for health. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 5

6. Con… For national healthcare systems it is used to improve the timeliness and accuracy of public health data reporting and to facilitate disease monitoring and surveillance activities as well as supporting sector-wide planning by improving the ability to plan, budget and deliver services. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 6

7. The following are 10 “E’s” of eHealth Efficiency through cost reductions Enhancing quality of care Evidence-based interventions Empowerment of consumers and patients Encouragement of new relationships Education through on-line sources Enabling info exchange & communication Extending the scope of health Ethics in patient and physician interactions Equity in the provision of healthcare. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 7

8. eHealth has nine domains which are depicted in Figure 8.

9. Con… Electronic Medical Record (EMR) MHR is a system to medical documentation and health history. The purpose of recording medical is to give information to health care providers. EMR is an electronic record of health-related information on an individual. This can be created, gathered, managed and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff within one healthcare organization .

10. Con.. This is a digital version of the paper charts in clinician offices, clinics, and hospitals. EMRs contain notes and information collected by clinicians and is mostly used by providers for diagnosis and treatment. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 10

11. Con… Main activities in EMR Patient Registration Appointments E-prescribing Lab/Imagining results Health History EMR software in Ethiopia TenaCare /EMR System 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 11

12. Con.. Electronic Health Record (EHR) An electronic record of health-related information on an individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standards. This can be created, managed and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff across more than one healthcare organization.

13. Con… EHRs follow patients to the specialist, the hospital, the nursing home, even across the country. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 13

14. Con.. Purpose of EHR: is to provide an electronic individual’s health record for use by providers and staff across more than one health care organization. It contribute to record an aggregation of a person’s comprehensive health history rather than being one provider’s record .

15. Con… However, to arrive at this level of information aggregation, all contributors must be able to send and receive information using standards that facilitate the interoperable exchange of health-related information. An EHR is intended to support: efficient high-quality integrated health care, independent of the place and time of health care delivery.

16. Concepts of EMR, HER and PHR.. Personal Health Record (PHR) An electronic record of health-related information on an individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standards and that can be drawn from multiple sources while being managed, shared and controlled by the individual. PHR Contain the same types of information as EHRs Like diagnoses, medications, immunizations, family medical histories, and provider contact information but are designed to be set up, accessed, and managed by patients.

17. Con… Patients can use PHRs to maintain and manage their own health information in a private, secure, and confidential environment. PHRs can include information from a variety of sources including clinicians, home monitoring devices, and patients themselves.

18. Table 3: Difference between electronic health record and electronic medical record

19. Patient Monitoring systems It is a continuous measurement of patient parameters such as heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood-oxygen saturation , and many other parameters have become a common feature of the care of critically ill patients. it is used for monitoring physiological signals including: Electrocardiograph (ECG), Respiration , Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure, Oxygen Saturation in Human Blood (SpO2), Body Temperature , ... 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 19

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21. Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) It is an application that analyzes data to help healthcare providers make decisions and improve patient care. It is any computer program designed to help health professionals make clinical decisions Categories : Diagnostic assistance Therapy critiquing and planning Image recognition and interpretation 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 21

22. Functions of CDSS Administrative - it must be able to support clinical coding and documentation, procedures and referrals of the medical center. Managing clinical complexity and details - It tracks patient orders, referrals follow-up the status of patient and preventive care after prescription. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 22

23. Con.. Cost control - by avoiding any duplication of process , document or any unnecessary lab test and to monitor medication orders to confirm any incorrect places which might be a direct harm to particular medical center’s financial. Decision support - mean to support clinical diagnosis and treatment plan processes and promoting use of best practices, condition-specific guidelines, and population-based management. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 23

24. eHealthe … m-Health:- the provision of health-related services via mobile communications Telemedicine:- refers to the use of telecommunications technology to provide healthcare services remotely. It enables healthcare providers to diagnose, treat, and monitor patients without requiring them to visit a healthcare facility in person. Telemedicine: Remote consultations and diagnosis using video conferencing or other communication tools. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 24

25. Telemedicine types Tele-surgery : the ability for a doctor to perform surgery on a patient even though they are not physically in the same location. Tele-radiology : the transmission of radiological patient images, such as x-rays, CTs , and MRIs, from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation and/or consultation. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 25

26. Con… Tele-care : The use of telecommunication systems to provide remote assistance in therapy to patients. Tele-Health : The delivery of health-related services and information via telecommunications technologies. 6/4/2025 By Kidist D. 26