chapter5-research-230425062559-cac107c0.pdf

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1. Summary, Conclusions and
Recommendations

2. Chapter5
A.Summary ofFindings
B.Conclusion
C.Some Dangers to Avoid in Drawing up
Conclusions Based on QuantitativeData
D.Recommendation
E.Evaluation of a Thesis orDissertation

4. There should be a brief statementabout:
•the main purpose of thestudy
•the population orrespondents
•the period of thestudy
•method of researchused
•the researchinstrument
•the sampling design
1

5. Teaching science in the
high schools of ProvinceA
Example:

6. Thiswasconductedforthepurposeof
determiningthestatusofteachingsciencein
thehighschoolsofProvinceA.Thedescriptive
methodisusedofresearchwasutilizedand
thenominativesurveytechniquewasusedfor
gatheringdata.Thequestionnaireservedas
theinstrumentforcollectingdata.Allthe
teachershandlingscienceanda20percent
representativesampleofthestudentswerethe
respondents.Theinquirywasconducted
duringtheschoolyear1989-’90.

7. There should be no explanationmade.

8. 2
The findings may be lumped up all
together but clarity demands that
each specific question under the
statement of the problem must be
written first to be followed by the
findings.

9. How qualified are the teachers handling science
in the high schools of ProvinceA?
Of the 59 teachers, 31 or 53.54 percent were
BSE graduates and three or 5.08 percent were
MA degree holders. The rest, 25 or 42.37
percent, were non-BSE baccalaureate degree
holders with at least 18 education units. Less
than half of all the teachers, only 27 or 45.76
percent were science majors and the majority,
32 or 54.24 percent were non-sciencemajors.

10. The findings should be textual
generalization, that is a summary of
the important data consisting of
text and numbers.
3

11. Only the important findings, the
highlights of the data, shouldbe
included in the summary.
4

12. 5
Findings are not explained nor
elaborated upon anymore.

13. 6
No new data should be introduced
in the summary offindings.

15. 1
Conclusions
Inferences, deductions,abstractions,
implications, interpretations, general
statements, and/or generalizations
based upon thefindings.
They should not contain anynumerals

16. Findings:
Of the 59 teachers, 31 or 53.54 percent were
BSE graduates and three or 5.08 percent were
MA degree holders. The rest, 25 or 42.37
percent, were non-BSE baccalaureate degree
holders with at least 18 education units. Less
than half of all theteachers,
only 27 or 45.76 percent were science majors
and the majority, 32 or 54.24 percent were
non-sciencemajors.

17. Conclusion
All the teachers were qualified to teach
in the high school but the majority of
them were not qualified to teach
science.

18. 2
Conclusions should appropriately
answer the specific questions raised
at the beginning of the investigation
in order they are given under the
statement of the problem.

19. Q: “How adequate are the facilities for
teaching science?”
A: “The facilities for the teaching of
science areinadequate”.
Example:

20. 3
Conclusions should pointout
what were factually learned
from theinquiry.
No conclusion should be drawn from
the implied or indirect effects of the
findings.

21. Teachers were not qualified to teach science
and the science facilities wereinadequate.
Teaching in the high schools of Province A
wasweak.

22. The conclusion should be based
upon the responses to thequestion.

23. 4
Conclusions should be
formulated concisely, that is,
brief andshort.

24. 5
Without any strong evidence to
the contrary, conclusions should
be statedcategorically.

25. 6
Conclusions should referonly
to the population, area, or
subject of thestudy.

26. Conclusions should not be
repetitions of any statements
anywhere in thethesis.
7

27. SomeDangers
to Avoid in Drawing
up ConclusionsBased
on QuantitativeData

28. Bias
1

29. A respondent to a questionnaire
may commit bias to protect hisown
interest.

30. 2
Incorrect
Generalization

31. High income group is over represented
and low income group is under
represented.
An incorrect generalization is made when
there is a limited body of information or
when the sample is not representative of
thepopulation.

32. 3
Incorrect
Deduction

33. Science facilities areinadequate
Any particular tool isinadequate

34. School C: 20 microscope
School D: 8microscope

35. 4
Incorrect
Comparison

36. School C: 1,500students
School D: 500students
Ratio:
School C: 75 students is to one microscope
School D : 63 students to onemicroscope
School C: 20 microscope
School D: 8microscope

37. A basic error in statistical work is to
compare two things that are not really
comparable.

38. 5
Abuse of
correlationdata

39. When the government increases the
price of gasoline
the prices of commodities also starts
torise

40. 6
Limited information
furnished by anyone
ratio.

41. 20% loss ofemployee
Death RetirementPoorSalary

42. Avoid as much as possible making
conclusions not sufficiently and
adequately supported byfacts.

43. 7
Misleading impression
concerningmagnitude
ofvariables

44. CollegeA:
75% of its graduates passed the CPAexam
CollegeB:
100% of its graduates who took the same
exam passed.
College A: 4 graduates
College B: 1 graduate

46. Recommendations
Guidelines in writingrecommendations

47. Recommendations should aimto
solve or help solve problems
discovered in the investigation.
1
Problem Recommendation
Inadequatefacilities=Acquire morefacility

48. 2
No recommendations should be
made for a problem, or any thing for
that matter, that has not been
discovered or discussed in thestudy.

49. 3
There may also be
recommendations for the
continuance of a good practice or
system, or even recommendation
for itsimprovement.

50. Recommendations should aim
for the ideal but they must be
feasible, practical, and
attainable. It is useless to
recommend theimpossible.
4

51. Recommendations should belogical
and valid. If the problem is the lack
of facilities, it is only logical to
recommend the acquisition of the
lackingfacilities.
5
Problem Recommendation
Inadequatefacilities=Acquire morefacility

52. Recommendations should be
addressed to the persons,
entities, agencies, or offices who
or which are in a position to
implement them.
6
Inadequatefacilities= ex. SchoolPrincipal

53. There should be a
recommendation for further
research on the same topic in
other places to verify, amplify, or
negate the findings of the study.
7

54. Evaluation of aThesis
orDissertation

55. I.The Subject and the
Problems
II.The Design of the Study
III.The Data (Findings)
IV.Conclusions
(Generalizations)
V.Recommendations