Characteristics of Fungi2024 .pptx

1. Kingdom Fungi 1

2. Cladogram Which of the following is most closely related to a mushroom (fungus)? WHY? 2

3. Cladogram Which of the following is most closely related to a mushroom (fungus)? WHY? Recent DNA-based studies show that fungi are more similar to animals than to plants 3

4. The Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotic Unicellular or multicellular Non-photosynthetic Non-motile Mostly saprophytic 4

5. The Characteristics of Fungi Cell walls are made of chitin Body is called the Thallus Grow as microscopic tubes or filaments called hyphae 5

6. Hyphal growth from spore 6 Mycelia have a huge surface area More surface area aids digestion & absorption of food mycelium Germinating spore

7. Hyphae 7 ONE continuous cell Tubular shape Filled with cytoplasm & nuclei

8. Hyphae Cross-walls called SEPTA may form compartments Septa have pores for movement of cytoplasm Form network called mycelia that run through the thallus (body) 8

9. Modifications of hyphae Fungi may be classified based on cell division (with or without cytokinesis) Aseptate or coenocytic (without septa) Septate (with septa) 9 NO CROSS WALLS CROSS WALLS

10. Specialized Hyphae Stolons – horizontal hyphae that connect groups of hyphae to each other Rhizoids – rootlike parts of hyphae that anchor the fungus 10 STOLON RHIZOIDS SPORANGIOPHORE

11. The Characteristics of Fungi Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food first & then absorb it into their bodies Release digestive enzymes to break down organic material or their host 11 BREAD MOLD

12. Absorptive Heterotroph Tips of Hyphae release enzymes Enzymatic breakdown of substrate Products diffuse back into hyphae Enzymes Enzymatic breakdown Digested material is then used by the hypha Nucleus “directs” the digestive process

13. The Characteristics of Fungi Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment Most are multicellular , except unicellular yeast Lack true roots, stems or leaves 13 MULTICELLULAR MUSHROOM UNICELLULAR YEAST

14. The Characteristics of Fungi Some fungi are internal or external parasites A few fungi act like predators & capture prey like roundworms 14 Predaceous Fungi feeding on a Nematode (roundworm)

15. The Characteristics of Fungi Some are edible , while others are poisonous 15 EDIBLE POISONOUS

16. The Characteristics of Fungi Grow best in warm, moist environments Fungi include puffballs , yeasts , mushrooms , toadstools , rusts , smuts , ringworm , and molds The antibiotic penicillin is made by the Penicillium mold 16 Penicillium mold Puffball

17. The Characteristics of Fungi Produce both sexual and asexual spores Classified by their sexual reproductive structures 17 Spores come in various shapes