check basin , furrow and border strip method

1. DESIGNASPECTSIN
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION,
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION&
FURROW IRRIGATION METHOD
PREPAREDBY-TILVA RAJ
KOYANI UMANG
JADEJA DEVRATSINH
DODIYA RAVI
CHAROLA ANAND

2. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

3. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
WHAT IT IS ?
Borders are long,
uniformly graded strips of
land , seperatedby earth
bunds.

4. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
WHAT IT IS ?
In contrast to basin irrigation these bunds are not to contain the
water for ponding but to guide it as it flows down the field.
In contrast to furrows these bunds are prevents lateral movement
of water within the bunds where as furrows are provided for lateral
percolation of the water in the sub soil directly.

5. WHEN it USED ?
Larger merchanizedfarms
Where machines operations are involved in agriculture
Less suited to small scale farms involving hand labouror animal
powered cultivation methods.
Uniform slope(min. 0.05% and max. 2% slope)
Deep homogenous loam or clay of medium infiltration rate.
For close growing crops
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

6. Border layout
The dimensions and shape of borders are influenced by the
soil type,
stream size,
slope,
irrigation depth and
other factors such as farming practices and field or
farm size.
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS

7. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

8. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

9. IRRIGATING BORDERS
BORDERS ARE IRRIGATED BY DIVERTING A STREAM OF WATER
FROM THE CHANNEL TO THE UPPER END OF THE BORDER.
ON CLAY SOILS(INFLOW STOPPED AT 60% OF THE BORDER)
ON LOAMY SOILS(IT IS AT 70% -80% OF BORDER)
ON SANDY SOILS(ENTIRE BORDER COVERED)
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

10. INFILTRATION RATE &STREAM SIZE(BORDER SIZE)
STREAM SIZE TOO SMALL
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

11. INFILTRATION RATE &STREAM SIZE(BORDER SIZE)
STREAM SIZE TOO LARGE
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

12. CROSS-SLOPE OF BORDER
if the land is not properly graded
and there is a cross-slope,the
irrigation water will not spread
evenly over the field.
it will flow down the slope always
seeking the lowest side of the
border.(as shown in fig.)
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

13. MAINTENANCE OF BORDERS
BORDERS ARE KEPT FREE FROM WEEDS.
UNIFORMLY SLOPED BORDERS
FREQUENT BUND REPAIRATION
CHANNEL AND DRAINS ARE TO BE WEEDED REGULARLY
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

14. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

15. WHAT IT IS ?
Check basins are
rectangular or square
small plots surrounded by
levees or checks.
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

16. WHEN It USED ?
Crops roots which required submergence in water for periods
longer than 24 hours.
i.e.Potatoes,beet,carrots,rise,citrus,banana,clover, tobacco.
The flatter the land surface,theeasy to construct basins.
It is also possible to construct basins on sloping land,evenwhen
the slope is quite steep.
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

17. BASIN LAYOUT
Basin layout not only refers to the shape and size of the basins
but also to the shape and size of the bunds.
♠What is the shape of the basin : Square,rectangularor irregular ?
♠How high should be the bund be : 10,50 or 100cm?
♠What is the shape of bund?
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS

18. SHAPE AND SIZE OF BASINS
♠BASIN WIDTH
Main limitation of basin width is land
slope.
(Steep slope then narrow basins)
Factors affect basin width
1)depth of fertile soil
2)method of basin construction
3)agricultural practices
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

19. SHAPE AND SIZE OF BASINS
♠BASIN SIZE
Main limitation of basin width is land slope.
(Steep slope then narrow basins)
Factors affect basin SIZE
1)soil type
2)available water flow to the basin
3)land slope
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

20. SHAPE AND SIZE OF BASINS
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

21. WHAT IS BUNDS ?
Bunds are earth embankments which contain irrigation water
within basins.
They are sometimes called ridges,dykes,orlevees.
The height is governed by
1) irrigation depth
2) free board
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

22. TEMPORARY BUND
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

23. PERMANENT BUND
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

24. BASIN CONSTRUCTION
1) SETTING OUT OF THE
MARKERS
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

25. BASIN CONSTRUCTION
2) MARKING A
CONTOUR LINE
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

26. BASIN CONSTRUCTION
3) MAKING THE BUNDS BY
WOODEN FRAME &
SMOOTHING THE LAND
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

27. IRRIGATING BASINS
1) DIRECT METHOD
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

28. IRRIGATING BASINS
2) CASCADE METHOD
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

29. MAINTENANCE OF BASINS
Erosion control is made which may be caused by
rainfall,floodingor the passing of people when used as footpaths
Rats may dig holes in the sides of the bunds.
Levelling of basins also required at regular time.
CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION

30. FURROW IRRIGATION

31. FURROW IRRIGATION
WHAT IT IS ?
Furrows are small,parallel
channels,madeto carry
water in order to irrigate
the crop.
The crop is usually grown
on the ridges between the
furrows.

32. FURROW IRRIGATION
WHEN IT USED ?
Furrow irrigation is suitable for many crops,especiallyrow crops.
Crops that would be damaged if their stems or crown should be
irrigated by furrows.
I.E. Maize,sunflower,sugarcane,soybean,tomatoes,wheat,
Vegetables,potatoes,citrus,grapes
Land slope does not exceed 0.5%.

33. FURROW IRRIGATION
FURROW LAYOUT
♠FURROW LENGTH
( CLAY: 300 TO 400 m
SAND: 60 to 300 m )
1)SLOPE
2)SOIL TYPE
3)STREAM SIZE
4)IRRIGATION DEPTH
5)FIELD LENGTH
DESIGN ASPECTS

34. FURROW IRRIGATION
FURROW LENGTH

35. FURROW IRRIGATION
FURROW LENGTH

36. FURROW IRRIGATION
♠FURROW SHAPE
DESIGN ASPECTS
STABLE
Shape is either
u-shaped,
V-shaped,
Parabolic shaped or
Trapezoidal shaped

37. FURROW IRRIGATION
♠FURROW SHAPE
DESIGN ASPECTS
LATERAL INFILTRATION IS HIGH

38. FURROW IRRIGATION
♠FURROW SIZE
DESIGN ASPECTS
For low permeability of soils
wide and shallow furrow is preferred.
For highly permeable soils
narrow and deep furrows is provided.
Furrows of 75mm to 125 mm depth are provided for ROW
crops.

39. FURROW IRRIGATION
FURROW LAYOUT
♠FURROW SPACING
1) SOIL TYPE
 SANDY (30-60 cm,
30 cm for coarse and
60 cm for sand)
 CLAY (75-150 cm)
Normally 1 m-2 m is provided
DESIGN ASPECTS

40. FURROW IRRIGATION
FURROW CONSTRUCTION

41. FURROW IRRIGATION
FURROW CONSTRUCTION

42. FURROW IRRIGATION
WETTING PATTERNS

43. FURROW IRRIGATION
IDEAL WETTING PATTERN

44. FURROW IRRIGATION
SPACING OF FURROWS

45. FURROW IRRIGATION
STREAM SIZE
1) STREAM SIZE TOO SMALL

46. FURROW IRRIGATION
STREAM SIZE
1) STREAM SIZE TOO LARGE

47. FURROW IRRIGATION
PLANTING TECHNIQUES

48. FURROW IRRIGATION
PLANTING TECHNIQUES

49. FURROW IRRIGATION
PLANTING TECHNIQUES

50. MAINTENANCE OF furrows
water should be reach the d/s end of all furrows is regularly
checked.
There should be no dry places or spots where water stays
ponding.
Overtopping of ridges should not occur.
Field channels and drains should be kept free from weeds.
FURROW IRRIGATION

51. Thank you