CHEMICAL BONDING Basic Introduction.pptx

Includes Basics of Chemical Bonding

1. CHEMICAL BONDING 01 Introduction 1 BioChem Classes

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3. Chemical Bond Force of attraction b/w nucleus of one atom & e - of another atom. FOA which holds atoms/ions in a molecule 3 BioChem Classes

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5. Reason of Bond formation No elements exist as an independent atom in nature,except noble gases. Noble gas  most stable ; found in independent form To attain stability Sability ∝ 1/Energy Energy releases during bond formation  Bond formation is always exothermic process. To gain electric configuration of nearest noble gas(chemically inert/stable) 5 BioChem Classes

6. Water flowing down the hill (looses potential energy) 6 BioChem Classes

7. Basics to learn Chemical Bonding Atomic mass/Mass no.(A)  No. of proton + No. of Neutrons Atomic No.(Z)  No. of proton = No. of electrons No. of neutrons = Atomic mass – Atomic No. ; (A-Z) 7 BioChem Classes

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9. Electronic Configuration W.r.t Shell W.r.t subshell 9 BioChem Classes

10. w.r.t Shells No. of electrons in a shell = 2n 2 n = Shell no. K  n = 1 ; 2e - L  n = 8 e - M  n = 18 e - N  n = 32 e - 10 BioChem Classes

11. w.r.t subshell Electronic distribution by Aufbau Principles 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p s = 2 e - p = 6 e - d = 10 e - f = 14 e - 11 BioChem Classes

12. Electronic configuration of Elements 1 to 20 Atomic No.(Z) Name Symbol w.r.t shell(K,L) w.r.t subshell 1 Hydrogen H 1 1S1 2 Helium He 2 1S 2 3 Lithium Li 2,1 1S 2 2S1 4 Beryllium Be 2,2 1S 2 2S 2 5 Boron B 2,3 1S 2 2S 2 2P 1 6 Carbon C 2,4 1S 2 2S 2 2P 2 7 Nitrogen N 2,5 1S 2 2S 2 2P 3 8 Oxygen O 2,6 1S 2 2S 2 2P 4 9 Flourine F 2,7 1S 2 2S 2 2P 5 10 Neon Ne 2,8 1S 2 2S 2 2P 6 12 BioChem Classes

13. Atomic No.(Z) Name Symbol w.r.t shell(K,L,M,N) w.r.t subshell 11 Sodium Na 2,8,1 [Ne] 3s 1 12 Magnesium Mg 2,8,2 [Ne] 3s 2 13 Aluminium Al 2,8,3 [Ne] 3s 2 3p 1 14 Silicon Si 2,8,4 [Ne] 3s 2 3p 2 15 Phosphorous P 2,8,5 [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3 16 Sulphure S 2,8,6 [Ne] 3s 2 3p 4 17 Chlorine Cl 2,8,7 [Ne] 3s 2 3p 5 18 Argon Ar 2,8,8 [Ne] 3s 2 3p 6 19 Potassium K 2,8,8,1 [ Ar ] 4s 1 20 Calcium Ca 2,8,8,2 [ Ar ] 4s 2 13 BioChem Classes

14. Valency Combining power of an atom Outermost shell  Valence shell No. of electrons in valence shell = Valence electrons Valence shell completes its 8 electrons by losing,gaining or sharing of electrons  Valency Ex – Cl  2,8,7 ;- have 7 electrons in its valence shell ; needs 1 electron to complete its octet  Valency 1 Na  2,8,1 ; - have only 1 electron in its valence shell ; donates 1 electrons  Valency 1 14 BioChem Classes

15. Atomic No.(Z) Name Symbol w.r.t shell(K,L) Valency 1 Hydrogen H 1 1 2 Helium He 2 3 Lithium Li 2,1 1 4 Beryllium Be 2,2 2 5 Boron B 2,3 3 6 Carbon C 2,4 4 7 Nitrogen N 2,5 3 8 Oxygen O 2,6 2 9 Flourine F 2,7 1 10 Neon Ne 2,8 15 BioChem Classes

16. Atomic No.(Z) Name Symbol w.r.t shell(K,L,M,N) Valency 11 Sodium Na 2,8,1 1 12 Magnesium Mg 2,8,2 2 13 Aluminium Al 2,8,3 3 14 Silicon Si 2,8,4 4 15 Phosphorous P 2,8,5 3 16 Sulphure S 2,8,6 2 17 Chlorine Cl 2,8,7 1 18 Argon Ar 2,8,8 19 Potassium K 2,8,8,1 1 20 Calcium Ca 2,8,8,2 2 16 BioChem Classes

17. Types of Chemicval Bond Covalent Bond Ionic Bond Coordinate Bond Metallic Bond Hydrogen Bond – F/O/N + H VanderWaal Bond – b/w inert gases Interatomic Bond Intermolecular Bond 17 BioChem Classes

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19. Ionic Bond Complete transfer of electron b/w metals & non metals Metals (electropositive)  looses electron  Cation Non metals (electronegative)  gains electron  Anion 19 BioChem Classes

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23. Covalent Bond Forms due to sharing of electrons Equal sharing b/w non metals 23 BioChem Classes

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25. Coordinate bond Unequal sharing of electrons A type of Covalent bond One atoms donates 2 electrons/lone pair to other atom Represented by headed arrow ( ) Head towards receiver,tail towards donor. 25 BioChem Classes

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27. Metallic bond Between metals Metals looses electrons & forms electrons cloud/sea Metal becomes shiny & good conductor of electricity. 27 BioChem Classes

28. QUIZ TIME 28 BioChem Classes

29. Q.1 – No. of electrons in 1 molecule of water 18 10 22 32 29 BioChem Classes

30. Q.2-Bond involves when sharing of e occurs Covalent bond Ionic bond Metallic bond Hydrogen Bond 30 BioChem Classes

31. Q.3-Valency of oxygen is 1 2 3 4 31 BioChem Classes

32. Q.4-Bond between e rich & e deficient species. Covalent bond Ionic bond Metallic bond Coordinate bond 32 BioChem Classes

33. Q.5-Hydrogen bonding is shown by F O N All of these 33 BioChem Classes