Chemical bonding presentation ICSE Class IX

Chemical bonding

1. CHEMISTRY Chemical bonding 2 nd part This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

2. Electrovalent Bond Ion – charged particle Cation – positively charged Electropositive element – metallic element Anion – negatively charged Electronegative element – Non-metallic element

3. Electrovalent Compound transfer of electrons Why Are Ionic Compounds Stable? - Due to the electrostatic forces of attraction Examples – NaCl – Sodium Chloride CaO – Calcium Oxide

4. EXAMPLES Sodium chloride – NaCl Electronic configuration of Sodium – 2,8,1 (11) of Chloride – 2,8,7 (17) Magnesium chloride – MgC Electronic Configuration of Magnesium – 2,8,2 (12) of Chloride – 2,8,7 (17) Calcium Oxide Electronic Configuration of Calcium – 2,8,8,2 (20) of Oxide – 2,6 (8)  

5. Covalent Bond Single covalent bond – 1 pair of electrons Double covalent bond – 2 pairs of electrons Triple covalent bond – 3 pairs of electrons This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

6. Covalent Compounds Non-polar Shared pair of electrons are at equal distance between the 2 atoms Ex – chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen Polar Shared pair of electrons are not at equal distance between the 2 atoms Ex – hydrogen chloride, water, ammonia

7. Non-polar examples Hydrogen molecule Chlorine molecule Oxygen molecule

8. Polar examples Hydrogen chloride Water molecule

9. CHEMICAL BONDING ELECTROVALENT BOND Strong electrostatic forces of attraction Can not be separated easily They are non-volatile High boiling and melting points COVALENT BOND Weak force of attraction They are volatile Low boiling and melting points