Chemical control of plant diseases .pptx

Pest control using chemical

1. Chemical control of plant diseases By S.Thiruthika

2. Chemical control of plant diseases

3. Heterocyclic compounds are a rather heterogeneous group but include some of the best fungicides, e.g., captan, iprodione, and vinclozolin. Most of them also inhibit the production of essential compounds containing —NH2 and —SH groups (amino compounds and enzymes). Captan, is an excellent  fungicide  for the control of leaf spots, blights, and fruit rots on  fruit crops , vegetables, ornamentals, and turf. It is also used as a seed protectant for agronomic crops, vegetables, flowers, and grasses. Captan has also been reported to repel “seed-pulling” birds. I prodione, sold as Rovral, Chipco-26019, and Epic 30, is a broad-spectrum, foliage-contact fungicide. It inhibits  spore germination

4. Aromatic fungicides 1.Benzimidazoles: These include fungicides like benomyl and carbendazim, which interfere with fungal cell division.
2. Phenylamides: Examples include metalaxyl, which disrupts protein synthesis in fungi.
3. Anilinopyrimidines: These fungicides inhibit methionine biosynthesis in fungi.
Aromatic compound fungicides are widely used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, rusts, blights, and leaf spots

5. How to apply different fungicides

6. Foliar spraying Foliar Spraying
Description: Fungicide is sprayed directly onto the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plants
Best For: Treating fungal diseases that affect above-ground parts of plants (e.g., powdery mildew, rusts). Soil drenching Soil Drench
Description: Fungicide is applied directly to the soil around the base of plants, allowing it to penetrate the root zone.
Best For: Soil-borne fungal diseases and root rot.

7. Seed treatment Seed TreatmentDescription: Fungicide is applied to seeds before planting to protect them from fungal infections during germination and early growth Best For: Preventing seedling diseases such as damping-off. Fumigation Fumigation
Description: Fungicide gases or vapors are used to disinfect the soil or plant environments.
Best For: Treating soil-borne pathogens and preventing fungal growth in greenhouses.

8. Granular application Granular Application
Description: Fungicide in granular form is spread over the soil surface, often incorporated into the soil.
Best For: Soil-borne pathogens or preventive treatments. Root dipping Root Dipping
Description: Plant roots are dipped into a fungicide solution before planting.
Best For: Nursery stock or transplants to protect them from root and crown rots.

9. Dusting Dusting
Description: Fungicide in powder form is applied directly to plant surfaces
Best For: Quick, light applications, especially in small gardens. Injection Injection
Description: Fungicide is injected directly into the trunk, stems, or roots of the plant.
Best For: Systemic treatment of large trees or when other methods aren’t effective.

10. Aerial application Aerial Application
Description: Fungicide is applied using aircraft or drones, typically in large-scale agricultural operation
Best For: Treating extensive fields or forests. Chemigation Description: Fungicide is applied through an irrigation system, allowing it to be delivered directly to the plant’s root zone or onto the foliage.
Best For: Large-scale crops with existing irrigation systems.

11. 1.Fungicides remain on the plant surface and protect it from infection systemic b) contact c) Eradicant. 2.Fungicide absorbed in the plant surface and stop disease after infection a) systemic b)contact c) eradicant 3.Bordeaux mixture mainly used for a) grape downy mildew b)cumbu rust c) wheat rust 4.chaubattia paste is a) wound dresser b)seed protectant c) soil fungicide 5.Common seed protectants are a) captan and thiram b)mancozeb c)vapam 6.Mercurous chloride is commonly used for a) club root b) Tristeza c)downy mildew

12. 7.carbendazin trade name is Bavistin b)Blitox c)dhanustein 8.Bordeaux paste prepared by a ) 1kg cuso4 + 1kg caco3 in 10 litre of H2O b) 1kg cuso4 + 1kg Caco3 in 100 litre of water 9.copper oxy chloride is used for a) phytophthora infestans b) venturia inequalis c)colletotrichum 10.Mancozeb is used for a)seed pathogens b) foliar pathogens c)soil borne pathogens