Chemical safety

Power Plant Chemical Safety

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Chemical Safety
Objective : Learning, Awareness & Actions

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Classification of Hazardous Chemicals

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Corrosive
•Acorrosivesubstanceisonethatwilldestroy
anddamageothersubstanceswithwhichit
comesintocontact.Itmayattackagreatvariety
ofmaterialsincludingmetals.
•Commoncorrosivechemicals
•Acids:
•SulphuricAcid
•HydrochloricAcid
•Bases:
•SodiumHydroxide
•CalciumHydroxide

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Dangerous for the environment
•Chemicalsenterintoairasemissionsandwater
aseffluent.Industrialandmotorvehicle
emissionsofnitrogenandsulphuroxidescause
acidrain,whichpoisonsfishandotheraquatic
organismsinriversandlakesandaffectsthe
abilityofsoiltosupportplants.Carbondioxide
causesthegreenhouseeffectandclimate
change.
•WaterTreatmentPlantEffluents.
•EmissionsfromStack.
•ChemicalEffluentsfrommainplant.

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Explosive
•Explosive,isareactivesubstancethatcontainsa
greatamountofpotentialenergythatcanproduce
anexplosionifreleasedsuddenly,usually
accompaniedbytheproductionoflight,heat,
sound,andpressure.
•chemicalenergy,suchasnitro-glycerineorgrain
dust.
•pressurizedgas,suchasagascylinderor
aerosolcan.
•Nuclearenergy,suchasinthefissileisotopes
uranium-235andplutonium-239

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Toxic
•Anychemicalormixturehavingcapabilityto
harmtheenvironment,livingbeing’sandto
humanhealthbyanymodeofexposure(if
inhaled,swallowed,orabsorbedthroughthe
skin)istermedasToxicchemical.
•ToxicChemicals:
•Ammonia
•Chlorine
•HydrochloricAcid
•Hydrazine

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Oxidizing
•Oxidizingagentisasubstancethatisnot
necessarilycombustible,butmay,generallyby
yieldingoxygen,causeorcontributetothe
combustionofothermaterial.
•Commonoxidizingagents:
•Oxygen
•SulphuricAcid
•Hypochlorite
•Chlorine

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Harmful
•Manymaterialsorsubstancesusedorcreatedat
workcouldharmyourhealth.Thesesubstances
couldbedusts,gasesorfumesthatyoubreathe
in,orliquids,gelsorpowdersthatcomeinto
contactwithyoureyesorskin.Therecouldalso
beharmfulmicro-organismspresentthatcan
causeinfection,anallergicreactionoraretoxic.
Harmfulsubstancescanbepresentinanything
frompaintsandcleanerstoflourdust,solder
fume,bloodorwaste.
•LaboratoryChemicals
•BulkChemicals

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Extremely Flammable
•AHighFlammableLiquidisaliquidwithaflash
pointbelow32°C(Theflashpointofaliquidis
thelowesttemperatureatwhichtheliquidgives
offvapourinsufficientconcentrationtoforma
combustiblemixturewithairnearthesurfaceof
theliquid.)Theflashpointsofsomecommon
laboratorysolventsare:
•Ethanol +12 °C
•Toluene +4°C
•Acetone -19°C
•Diethyl ether -45 °C

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Bulk Chemical Used in Power Plant
•Sulphuric Acid –H2SO4
•Hydrochloric Acid -HCl
•Sodium Hydroxide -NaOH
•Ammonia –NH3
•Hydrazine –N2H4
•Ferric Chloride –FeCl3
•Polyelectrolyte –(C3H4O2)n
•Hydrated Lime –Ca(OH)2
•Tri Sodium Phosphate –Na3PO4
•Chlorine -Cl
•Hydrogen –H2

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Sulphuric Acid
•Properties:
•Sulphuricacidisahighlycorrosivestrong
mineralacid.Itisacolourlesstoslightly
yellowviscousliquidthatissolubleinwaterat
allconcentrations.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•InTreatmentofCondensercoolingwaterand
Laboratorypurpose.

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Sulphuric Acid
•HealthHazardsofSulphuricAcid:
•Concentratedsulphuricacidisextremelycorrosiveandcancause
seriousburnswhennothandledproperly.Thisdangerouschemical
iscapableofcorrodingskin,paper,metals,andevenstoneinsome
cases.Ifsulphuricacidmakesdirectcontactwiththeeyes,itcan
causepermanentblindness.Ifingested,thischemicalmaycause
internalburns,irreversibleorgandamage,andpossiblydeath.

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Hydrochloric Acid
•Properties:
•Hydrochloricacidisaclear,colourless,
highlypungent solutionpungent
solutionofhydrogenchloride(HCl)inwater.It
isahighlycorrosive,strongmineralacidwith
manyindustrialuses.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•InregenerationofMixedBedandCPUand
Laboratorypurpose.

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Hydrochloric Acid
•HealthHazardsofHydrochloricAcid:
•Hydrochloricacidisahazardousliquidwhichmustbeusedwith
care.Theaciditselfiscorrosive,andconcentratedformsrelease
acidicmiststhatarealsodangerous.Iftheacidormistcomeinto
contactwiththeskin,eyes,orinternalorgans,thedamagecanbe
irreversibleorevenfatalinseverecases.

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Sulphuric Acid & Hydrochloric Acid Safety
•It is recommended that you wear the following protective equipment
when using Sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid of any concentration:
•Vapour respirator,
•Long Rubber gloves
•Boots
•Full suit
•Face shield
•Chemical Safety goggles

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Care for H2SO4 / HCl Exposure
•ExposuretoH2SO4/HClcanoccurasskin/bodilycontact,ingestion,or
inhalationofvapours.Eachtypeofexposurecanposeserioushazardsto
yourhealthandshouldbemanagedimmediatelyandappropriatelybya
medicalprofessionaltominimizedamageandhealthrisks.
•SkinContact–IfH2SO4/HClcomesintocontactwithyourskin,
immediatelyflushtheaffectedareagentlywithlukewarmwaterforatleast
30uninterruptedminutes.Seekmedicalattentionimmediately.
•EyeContact–IfH2SO4/HClgetsintoyoureyes,immediatelyflushthe
eye(s)withwaterforatleast30minutes.Seekmedicalattention
immediately.
•Ingestion–IfyouingestH2SO4/HCl,rinseyourmouthimmediatelywith
water.Donotinducevomiting.Continuallyrinseyourmouthwithwaterand
seekmedicalattentionassoonaspossible.
•Inhalation–IfyouinhaleH2SO4/HClaerosols,seekfreshairandmedical
attentionimmediately.

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Eye washer cum Safety shower

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Hydrazine
•Properties:
•Hydrazineisaninorganiccompound.It
isacolourlessflammableliquidwithan
ammonia-likeodour.Hydrazineishighly
toxicanddangerouslyunstableunless
handledinsolution.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•Inthetreatmentoffeedwatersystemto
protectboilerand pre-boiler
equipment'sfromoxygen.Usedasan
oxygenscavenger.

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Hydrazine
•HealthHazardsofHydrazine:
•Hydrazineishighlytoxicand
dangerouslyunstable,especiallyin
theanhydrousform.Symptomsof
acute(short-term)exposuretohigh
levelsofhydrazinemayinclude:
•irritationoftheeyes.
•Noseandthroat.
•Dizziness.
•Headache.
•Nausea.
•Comainhumans.

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Sodium Hydroxide
•Properties:
•Sodiumhydroxide(NaOH),alsoknown
aslyeandcausticsodaisaninorganic
compound.Itisawhitesolidandhighly
causticmetallicbaseandalkaliofsodium
whichisavailableinpellets,flakes,
granules,andaspreparedsolutionsata
numberofdifferentconcentrations.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•InregenerationofMixedBedandCPU
andLaboratorypurpose.

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Sodium Hydroxide
•HealthHazardsofSodiumHydroxide:
•Contactcanseverelyirritateandburntheskinandeyeswithpossible
permanenteyedamage,causingblindness.Contactcanirritate
mouth,noseandthroat.Inhalingcanirritatethelungscausing
coughingandshortnessofbreath.

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Sodium Hydroxide Safety

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Ammonia
•Properties:
•Ammoniaisacolourlessgaswitha
characteristicpungentsmell.Ammoniais
extremelysolubleinwaterandisfrequently
usedasawatersolutioncalledaqua
ammonia.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•In the treatment of feed water system to
protect boiler and pre-boiler equipment's
from corrosion.

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Ammonia
•HealthHazardsofAmmonia:
•Anhydrousammoniaprimarilyaffectsthreeareasofthebody1.
Eyes,2.Lungsand3.Skin.Everythingfrommildirritationto
destructionoftheeyecanoccurdependingonwhetherasprayor
gasisinvolved.Ammoniapenetratestheeyemorerapidlythanother
alkalis.Inthelungs,liquidanhydrousammoniacausesdestructionof
delicaterespiratorytissue.

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Ammonia & Hydrazine Safety
•It is recommended that you wear the following protective equipment
when using Ammonia and hydrazine of any concentration:
•Vapour respirator,
•Rubber gloves
•Boots
•Full suit
•Face shield
•Chemical Safety goggles

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•Properties:
•Ferricchlorideisthecoagulantofchoice
formanyindustrialandsanitary
wastewatertreatmentapplications,due
toitshighefficiency,effectivenessin
clarification.Thechemicalleavesslight
residualcolour,andoffersverygood
turbidityremoval.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•Inthepre-treatmentofrawwaterand
wastewaterasacoagulant.
Ferric Chloride

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•HealthHazardsofFerricchloride:
•Iron(III)chlorideistoxic,highlycorrosiveandacidic.Theanhydrous
materialisapowerfuldehydratingagent.Althoughreportsofpoisoning
inhumansarerare,ingestionofferricchloridecanresultinserious
morbidityandmortality.Inappropriatelabellingandstorageleadto
accidentalswallowingormisdiagnosis
Ferric Chloride

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Polyelectrolyte
•Properties:
•Polyelectrolytesarepolymerswhose
repeating units bear
anelectrolytegroup.Polycationsandpoly
anionsarepolyelectrolytes.These
groupsdissociateinaqueoussolutions
(water),makingthepolymerscharged.
Polyelectrolytepropertiesarethussimilarto
bothelectrolytes(salts)andpolymers
(highmolecularweightcompounds)andare
sometimescalledpolysalts.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•Inthepre-treatmentofrawwaterandwaste
waterasaflocculent.

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Polyelectrolyte
•HealthHazardsofpolyelectrolyte:
•Thisproductisnotexpectedtobeasensitizer.Acute:Areviewof
availabledatadoesnotidentifyanysymptomsfromexposurenot
previouslymentioned.Chronic:Frequentorprolongedcontactwith
productmaydefatanddrytheskin,leadingtodiscomfortand
dermatitis.

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Hydrated Lime
•Properties:
•Calcium hydroxide, traditionally
calledslakedlime,Itisacolourlesscrystal
orwhitepowderandisobtained
when calcium
oxide(calledlimeorquicklime)ismixed,or
"slaked"withwater.Ithasmanynames
includinghydrated lime,caustic
lime,builders'lime,slacklime,cal
orpicklinglime.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•Inthepre-treatmentofrawwaterandwaste
water.

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Hydrated Lime
•HealthHazardsofHydratedLime:
•UnprotectedexposuretoCa(OH)
2canposehealthrisks,soitshould
belimited.Itcancausesevereskinirritation,chemicalburns,
blindness,orlungdamage.

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Tri Sodium Phosphate
•Properties:
•Trisodiumphosphate(TSP)is
the inorganiccompound with
thechemicalformulaNa
3PO
4.Itisa
white,granularorcrystallinesolid,highly
solubleinwaterproducinganalkaline
solution.TSPsareusedascleaning
agent,lubricant,foodadditive,stain
removeranddegreaser.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•InthetreatmentofBoilerdrumwater.

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Tri Sodium Phosphate
•HealthHazardsofTriSodiumPhosphate:
•AcutePotentialHealthEffects:Skin:Causesskinirritationwith
possibleburningpainandcorrosivedamage.Eyes:Causeseye
irritation.Thissubstancemaycauseeyeburns.Inhalation:May
beharmfulifinhaled.Inhalationofdustmaycauserespiratory
tractandmucousmembraneirritationwithcoughing,sneezing,
choking,difficultybreathing,andpulmonaryedema.

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Chlorine
•Properties:
•Chlorineisatoxicgasthatirritatesthe
respiratorysystem.Becauseitisheavier
thanair,ittendstoaccumulateatthe
bottomofpoorlyventilatedspaces.Chlorine
gasisastrongoxidizer,whichmayreact
withflammablematerials.Chlorineisused
asadisinfectantsinthetreatmentof
drinkingwater.Thisisayellow-greengas
thathasadistinctivestrongodour.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•Inthepretreatmentofrawwater,waste
waterandcoolingtower.

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Chlorine
•HealthHazardsofChlorine:
•Chlorineisdetectablewithmeasuringdevicesinconcentrations
ofaslowas0.2partspermillion(ppm),andbysmellat3ppm.
Coughingandvomitingmayoccurat30ppmandlungdamage
at60ppm.About1000ppmcanbefatalafterafewdeepbreaths
ofthegas.

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Guidelines of safe handling of chlorine
•Chlorineneednotbeaserioushazardifthepeopleworkingwithitareproperly
trainedinitshandling.
•Thefollowingaretheguidelinesforassuringthesafehandlingofchlorine.
•Provideproperinstructionandsupervisiontoworkersresponsibleforchlorine
equipment.
•Provideproperandapprovedself-containedbreathingapparatusinareas
wherechlorineisstoredorused.
•Keepallbreathingapparatusstoredoutsidethechlorinearea.

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Guidelines of safe handling of chlorine
•Prepareescapeplansfromareaswheretheremightbeachlorine
emission.Remembertomoveuphillandupwind.
•Neverstorecombustibleorflammablematerialsnearchlorine
containers.
•Neverapplyheatdirectlytoachlorine
•Neverattempttoweldan“empty”chlorinepipelinewithoutpurgingit
withairfirst.

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Guidelines of safe handling of chlorine
•Installsafetyshowersandeyewashstationsnearchlorineequipment.
•Ifthereisaleak,atleasttwopersonsshouldmaketherepairs.
•Neverspraywateronleakingcontainers;itcanmaketheleakworse.
•Whenenteringanequipmentarea,takeshallowbreathsuntilyouare
surethatthereisnotachlorinegasleak.
•AlwayskeepreadyChlorineLeakAbsorptionSystem.

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Chlorine First Aid
Inhalation
Removevictimfromcontaminatedarea.
Keepvictimwarminareclinedpositionwithheadandshoulders
elevated.
Giveartificialrespiration,ifnecessary.
Giveoxygenassoonaspossible.
Callemergencypersonneloraphysicianimmediately.
SkinContact
Showervictim,removingallcontaminatedclothing.
Washaffectedareawithsoapandwater.
EyeContact
Irrigateeyeswithwaterfor15minutes,holdingeyelidswideapart.
Callemergencypersonneloraphysicianimmediately.
Irrigateforsecond15-minuteperiodifemergencypersonnelorphysician
isnotimmediatelyavailable

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Hydrogen
•Properties:
•hydrogenisacolourless,odourless,
non-metallic,tasteless,non-toxic,highly
combustiblediatomicgaswiththe
molecularformulaH
2.
•UsesinPowerPlant:
•Inthecoolingofgeneratorrotordueto
itsspecificheatcapacitybeing
considerablyhigherthananyothergas.

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Hydrogen
•HealthHazardsofHydrogen:
•Hydrogenposesanumberofhazardstohumansafety,frompotential
detonationsandfireswhenmixedwithairtobeingasphyxiateinits
pure,oxygen-freeform.Hydrogengasleakingintoexternalairmay
spontaneouslyignite.Moreover,hydrogenfire,whilebeingextremely
hot,isalmostinvisible,andthuscanleadtoaccidentalburns.

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Presentation by
Rama Chandra Reddy Butcha
Group Head –Chemical & Environment
Tata Power Company Limited

43. …Message Box ( Arial, Font size 18 Bold)
Presentation by
Rama Chandra Reddy Butcha
Group Head –Chemical & Environment
Tata Power Company Limited