Chemotherapy of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Chemotherapy of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

1. Chemotherapy of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Guided by: Dr. Mahendra Y. Sawant Submitted by: Shubham R. Mantri Roll No. 35

2. Contents • Definition • List of Diseases Chlamydia Epdidymitis Gonorrhea HIV/AIDS Syphilis

3. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that commonly transmitted by having sex with someone who has the infection . The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses, spirochetes Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women . If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for her baby . If STDs caused by bacteria or parasites, than it can treat with antibiotics or other medicines. If STD caused by a virus, then there is no cure .

4. Micro-organism Responsible for STDs

5. Chlamydia Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria Causative Organism :- Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria Incubation Period :- 7-21 days Spreading factor:- Vaginal or anal sex with an infected partner Oral sex, although this is less common Sharing sex toys, touching parts of the body with fingers Sign & Symptoms :- Chlamydia Symptoms in Women: An unusual vaginal discharge Pain or a burning sensation when passing urine Bleeding between periods Pain during sex or bleeding after sex Low abdominal pain sometimes with nausea

6. Chlamydia Symptoms in Men: White/cloudy , watery discharge from the tip of the penis Pain or a burning sensation when passing urine Testicular pain and/or swelling Diagnosis Urine Test Swab Test

7. TREATMENT

8. Epdidymitis Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis (tube stores and carries sperm ), which is a tube located at the back of the testicles . Epididymitis is caused by an infection, usually a bacterial or a sexually transmitted infection. Causative Organism :- Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp . Incubation Period :- Days to Weeks (depends upon organism ) Spreading Factor :- In children it is most commonly associated with urinary tract infections In young, sexually active men In older men it is often caused by enlargement of the prostate gland

9. Sign & Symptoms :- low-grade fever &chills Pain & pressure in the pelvic area & testicles Painful, red and warm and swollen scrotum Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin Pain with urination or bowel movements & intercourse and ejaculation Urgent and frequent urination Blood in the semen Diagnosis :- Complete blood count (CBC) Doppler ultrasound. Testicular scan (nuclear medicine scan) Urine analysis and culture

10. Treatment

11. GONORRHEA Gonorrhea It is a bacterial infection which transmitted by sexual contact. Sometimes referred to as the clap . Causative Organism:- Neisseria gonorrhea bacteria Incubation Period:- 2-14 Days Spreading Factor:- During vaginal, oral, or anal sex with an infected partner. A pregnant woman can pass it to her baby during childbirth.

12. Sign & Symptoms:- Gonorrhea Symptoms in Women Strong smelling vaginal discharge that may be thin & watery or thick & yellow/green Irritation or discharge from the anus Abnormal vaginal bleeding Possibly some low abdominal or pelvic tenderness Pain or a burning sensation when passing urine Low abdominal pain sometimes with nausea Gonorrhea Symptoms in Men White , yellow or green thick discharge from the tip of the penis Inflammation of the testicles & prostate gland Irritation or discharge from the anus Urethral itch & pain or burning sensation when passing urine

13. Diagnosis:- Urine test Swab test Microscopy of sample from urethra

14. HIV/AIDS Also called: Acquired i m m u n o d efic i ency s y ndrome, AIDS, H I V , Hu m an immunodeficiency virus . HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It kills or damages the body's immune system cells. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the most advanced stage of infection with HIV . Causative organism :- Human immunodeficiency virus Incubation Period :- 2 week to 6 month Spreading Factor :- Through unprotected sex with an infected person. By sharing drug needles or through contact with the blood of an infected person. Women can give it to their babies during pregnancy or childbirth .

15. Sign and Symptoms: Swollen glands and flu-like symptoms Fever (this is the most common symptom) Swollen glands Sore throat Rash Fatigue Muscle and joint aches and pains Headache Diagnosis:- ELISA ( enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) Western blot Rapid or point-of-care tests CD4 cell count 20

16. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

17. TREATMENTS

18. S y p h ilis Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochetes . Causative organism :- Treponema pallidum spirochetes Incubation period :- 9-90 days Spreading Factor:- By direct contact with a syphilis sore during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Also spread from an infected mother to her unborn baby Sign and symptoms :- Primary- Fever, General ill feeling, Loss of appetite, Muscle aches, Joint pain, Swollen lymph nodes, Vision changes, Hair loss Secondary- Moist warts in the groin, white patches on the inside of the mouth, swollen lymph glands, fever, and weight loss Tertiary- Severe problems with the heart, brain, and nerves that can result in paralysis, blindness, dementia, deafness, impotence, and even death.

19. Diagnosis :- Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test Microhemagglutination assay (MHA-TP) Treponama pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA) Direct testing TREATMENT: