CHICKPEA crop production technology.pptx

crop production technology of chickpea

1. CHICKPEA BOTANICAL NAME:- Cicer arietinum FAMILY:- Fabaceae CHROMOSOME N.O:- 2n=14( Deshi ) 2n=16(Kabuli) ORIGIN:- Afganisthan

2. Gram commonly known as Chickpea ,Bengal gram,chana It is also known as “king of pulses” self pollinated crop India rank 1 st in the world in chickpea production.

3. Pulses forms the important part of Indian diet.They are important source of proteins and are essential adjuncts to a predominately cereal based diet and enhance the biological value of the protein consumed. Being a legume crop possessing root nodules they fix atmospheric nitrogen. Gram commonly known as chickpea is the most important pulses crop in india.India alone has 75% of world acerage and production of gram Constituents Nutritive value(in grams) Water 11.00 grams/100 grams Protein 21.10 grams/100 grams Fat 4.50 grams/100 grams Carbohydrate 61.5 grams/100 grams Calcium 149.00 grams/100 grams Iron 7.20 grams/100 grams others 2-3 grams/100 g

4. AREA AND DISTRIBUTATION On the basis of cultivated area,chickpea is the 19 th most crop grown in the world. India is the largest producer of gram in the world sharing 65% area and 70% total global production. Important countries growing Chickpea are India , Pakistan,Turkey,Mexico,Burma Ethopia .

5. Classification Deshi or Brown Gram ( Cicer arietinum) Kabuli or White Gram ( Cicer kabulium ) Class Deshi Kabuli

6. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION ROOTS :- Tap root system with numerous lateral branches that spread out in all direction in the top soil. STEM:- The stem is greenish ,branched with glandular hairs on it. LEAVES:- Bipinnately compound leaves having large ,ovate ,green coloured . FLOWERS :- White or pinkish colour,the flower posses long pointed tubular calyx made up of 5 united sepals. SEED:- Seeds are spherical in shape,wrinkled and colour may be white ,brown yellowish .A Plant produce about 50-150 pods. HEIGHT:- 45-60 cm

7. CLIMATE REQUIREMENTS TEMPERATURE:- 19-23˚ C Gram is a winter season crop but severe cold and frost are injurious to it Excessive rains after sowing and flowering and fruiting or hailstorm at ripening causes heavy loss. RAINFALL:- 60 -90 cm SOIL REQUIREMENTS Sandy loam to clay loam are best pH 6.0-7.5 SEED RATE:- 75-100 kg/ha Seed should be treated with 2g of thiram and 1g of carbendazim per kg of seed 24 hours before sowing reduce seed and soil brone disease

8. SOWING:- October-November METHOD OF SOWING:- Seed should be sown in furrows behind country plough.Broadcasting should be avoided The best way is to drill the seed either by seed drill at a depth of 8-10 cm SPACING:- Row spacing – 30cm( Deshi ) ,45-50cm ( kabuli ) Plant to Plant- 8-10 cm

9. FERTILIZER REQURIEMENT:- Chick pea being a leguminous crop fulfills the major part of its nitrogen requirement. Fertilizer dose is 15-20 kg N as starter dose, 40kg phosphorous. About 8-10  tonnesFYM or compost. Fertilizers are drilled in furrows at a depth of 7-10 centimeters.

10. IRRIGATION Gram crop is sown when sufficient moisture is present in the soil. Irrigated crop only two irrigations are given at 30 days interval. If one irrigation is possible it is given 40-45 days after sowing at pod formation MIXED CROPPING AND ROTATION. PADDY-----GRAM PEARMILLET-------GRAM SORGHUM------- GRAM MAIZE------GRAM Mixed with wheat barley rapseed and mustard

11. NIPPING To get maximum yield gram crop the nipping is and essential operation. The apical buds of the crop is plucked when the plants get height of 15-20cm.By doing this vegetative growth of plant stops and lateral branching is enhanced thus the plant become more vigorous and produce more flower and pods

12. Weed Control Weeds:- Poa annua,Avena fatua ,Cyperus rotundus , Melilotus alba, Canbis sativa weeding or inter culture with hand hoe orwheel hoe after 25-30 days. Fluchloralin ( Basalin ) 1 kg per hectare in 800-1000 liters of water as pre-planting spray may be used as an effective herbicide.

13. Harvesting •The duration of a gram crop is 3.5 to 4 months. •Maturity Sign –1) Leaves turn yellow2) Drying at the plant •Harvesting is done by cutting the plants close to the ground level with the help of a sickle or by pulling the plant. •Harvested plants are heaped in the field and dried in the sun for 3-4 days. •Threshing is done by beating with sticks or trampling under the feet of bullocks. •Threshing is done by the power of the thresher. Yield -20-25 q/ha.

14. DISEASE WILT:- Caused by :- Fusarium Orthoceras(fungus) Symptoms:- The leaves become chlorotic which later on turn yellow then brown. Control:- Treat the seed before sowing with 0.2% thiram Grow resistant variety P-315,IPC99,HARYANA CHANA 1

15. BLIGHT (Caused by:- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) The disease affect all parts of the plant except the roots of the plant.The affected plant first become yellow then brown and then dry out. Control:- Treat seed with fungicide like brassicol and captan Use healthy seed RUST:- Caused by:- Fungus Uromyces ciceris The leaves become crowded with small round or oval light brown pustules which tend to coalescae and form bigger pustules. Control:- Spray Wettable sulphur @2-4 kg/ha

16. INSECT AND PEST GRAM POD BORER Phasalone 35 EC 1.25l/ha Spary Triazophos 40EC 780ml/ha TERMITES Seed treatment with chloropyriphos @4ml/kg of seed

17. THANK YOU