Child labour

Child labor & its forms

1. PRESENTED TO: MA’AM MEHAK PRESENTED BY: IQRA IRSHAD 1

2. CONTENT Introduction Forms of child labor Risk factors/ causes Consequences of child labor Prevalence of child labor globally Child labor in Pakistan Laws Prevention of child labor 2

3. WHAT IS CHILD LABOUR? Negation of childhood and child education and development H arms them or exploits them in someway (physically, mentally, socially, morally) Lack of potential and dignity 3

4. A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS 4

5. FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR Slavery Child trafficking (sexual exploitation & prostitution) Debt bondage Serfdom ( status of many peasants under feudalism) Forced labour 5

6. CAUSES Illiteracy Poverty Unemployment Low wages Excess population Business advantage Failure of laws 6

7. CONSEQUENCES FOR CHILDREN Physical injuries Pesticide poisoning Growth deficiency Long term health problems Sexually transmitted diseases 7

8. PREVALENCE OF CHILD LABOUR Worldwide 218 million children between 5 and 17 years are in employment. Among them, 152 million are victims of child labour ; almost half of them, 73 million, work in hazardous child labour (ILO, 2017). According to International Labor Organization (2017), prevalence of child labor is: 1 in 5 children in Africa (19.6%) are in child labor , whilst prevalence in other regions is between 3% and 7%: 2.9% in the Arab States (1 in 35 children); 4.1% in Europe and Central Asia (1 in 25); 5.3%in the Americas (1 in 19) and 7.4% in Asia and the Pacific region (1 in 140). Child labor is concentrated primarily in agriculture (71%), which includes fishing, forestry, livestock herding and aquaculture, and comprises both subsistence and commercial farming; 17% in Services; and 12% in the Industrial sector, including mining (ILO, 2017). 8

9. CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN According to a survey conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics (, out of the estimated 40 million children in Pakistan, approximately 19 million are working as child labourers . More than 12.5 million children are involved in child labor in Pakistan.  According to Reuters, “Pakistan’s Labor Force Survey (2014-15) showed that of those children aged between 10 and 14 years active in child labor, 61 percent were boys and 88 percent came from rural areas”. 9

10. LAWS FOR ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN 10 Act 2016 – Punjab restriction on employment of children was implemented to prohibit the employment of children and to restrict the employment of adolescents in certain occupations and processes . Constitutional Provisions: Article 11(3): No child below the age of 14 years shall be engaged in any factory or mine or any other hazardous employment . Article 25(A): The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as determined by law . National Education Policy: It focuses on increasing the literacy rate and providing livelihood skills to children, including those engaged in child labor. Aims to expand non-formal and vocational education programs to children, including child laborers.( 63)

11. INTERNATIONAL LAWS FOR ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOR ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention (No. 182) ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention No. 182 requires ratifying countries to take immediate action to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labor defined as: all forms of slavery, commercial sexual exploitation of children, and any work that by its nature is harmful to the health, safety, or morals of children. UN Convention o n the Rights of t he Child ( Crc ) The CRC is a human rights treaty that comprehensively establishes the rights of children. Under the CRC, a child is anyone under the age of 18, unless otherwise noted in national legislation. Notably, the United States and Somalia are the only two countries that have yet to ratify the CRC. 11

12. HOW CAN WE STOP CHILD LABOR? Review national laws regarding child labor . Create awareness Check the age of your employees . Provide education to children Identify hazardous work Stop hiring children below the minimum age . Donating to NGO’s 12

13. THANK YOU 13