Child_Morbidity_and_Mortality_Rates. pptx

Child_Morbidity_and_Mortality_Rates

1. Child Morbidity and Mortality Rates

2. Introduction Child morbidity and mortality rates are essential indicators of the overall health and development of a nation. High rates suggest gaps in healthcare delivery, nutrition, and sanitation, while low rates indicate effective health interventions.

3. Definitions Morbidity : Refers to the occurrence of illness or disease among a population /disease rate. Mortality : Refers to the number of deaths within a population over a certain time period /death rate. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) : Deaths of infants under one year per 1,000 live births. Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR ): Deaths of children under five years per 1,000 live births.

4. Causes of Child Morbidity I nfectious diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies Poor sanitation and hygiene Lack of immunization Environmental pollution Congenital and genetic disorders

5. Causes of Child Mortality Preterm birth and low birth weight Birth asphyxia Neonatal infections and sepsis Pneumonia and diarrhea Malnutrition Injuries and accidents

6. Global Scenario Significant decline in child mortality worldwide over the past decades. Despite progress, Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia still record the highest rates. Around 5 million children under age five die each year, mostly from preventable causes.

7. Indian Scenario Infant Mortality Rate (IMR ): Around 27 per 1,000 live births (as per NFHS data). Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR): Approximately 32 per 1,000 live births. Major causes: malnutrition, neonatal conditions, infections, and poor maternal health. Rural areas and economically weaker states have higher mortality rates.

8. Factors Influencing Child Morbidity and Mortality Socioeconomic conditions Access to healthcare and immunization Maternal health, education, and nutrition Environmental sanitation and water quality Cultural beliefs and child care practices Government health initiatives and policies

9. Preventive and Control Measures Strengthen maternal and child health services Promote exclusive breastfeeding and proper weaning practices Ensure full immunization coverage Improve sanitation and access to clean drinking water Promote health education on hygiene and nutrition Early diagnosis and management of childhood illnesses

10. Role of Nurse Provide maternal and child health education Conduct immunization sessions and follow-ups Screen and identify at-risk children Implement Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness ( IMNCI ) Support community-based programs for health promotion Maintain health records and report child deaths for surveillance

11. Conclusion Reducing child morbidity and mortality is essential for a healthy nation . Nurses play a crucial role through health education, preventive care, and active participation in child health programs. With continuous efforts, preventable child deaths can be significantly reduced.