Child schizophrenia and depression

childhood schizophrenia and depression

1. CHILDHOOD SCHIZOPHRENIA
AND DEPRESSION

2. CHILDHOOD
SCHIZOPHRENIA

3. Definition
•Childhood schizophrenia is a severe
brain disorder in which children
interpret reality abnormally.
Schizophrenia involves a range of
problems with thinking (cognitive),
behavior or emotions.

4. Causes
•Unknown
•Brain disorders
•Genetics and environment
•Problems with neurotransmitters
•Difference in brain structure

5. Risk factors
•Family history of schizophrenia
•Exposure to viruses, toxins or
malnutrition while in the womb
•Abnormal activation of the immune
system
•Older age of the father
•Taking psychoactive drugs during teen
years

6. Onset
•symptoms start in the late teens to the
mid-30s
•Early-onset schizophrenia occurs in
children younger than age 17
•Very early-onset schizophrenia in
children younger than age 13.

7. Clinical Features
Early signs and symptoms
•Language delays
•Late or unusual crawling
•Late walking
•Other abnormal motor behaviors

8. Contd…..
Symptoms in teenagers
Withdrawal from friends and family
A drop in performance at school
Trouble sleeping
Irritability or depressed mood
Lack of motivation
Strange behavior

9. Contd…
Teens may be:
•Less likely to have delusions
•More likely to have visual hallucinations

10. Contd…
Later signs and symptoms
•Hallucinations.
•Delusions.
•Disorganized thinking (speech).
•Disorganized or abnormal motor
behavior.
•Negative symptoms.

11. Diagnostic Measures
•Child's medical and psychiatric history
•Conduct a physical examination
•Medical and psychological screenings
•Review school records.

12. Tests and screenings.
• Blood tests
•Imaging studies, such as magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) or
computerized tomography (CT)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)

13. Psychological evaluation
•Observe appearance and demeanor
• Asking about thoughts, feelings and
behavior patterns
• Talking to child about any thoughts of
self-harm or harming others
•Evaluate the ability to think and function
at an age-appropriate level
•Assessing mood, anxiety and possible
psychotic symptoms.

14. Diagnostic criteria
•Hallucinations
•Delusions
•Disorganized speech
•Disorganized behavior
•Catatonic behavior, which can range
from a coma-like daze to bizarre,
hyperactive behavior
•Negative symptoms, which relate to
lack of or reduced ability to function
normally

15. Treatment
•Medications
•Individual and family therapy
•Social and academic skills training
•Hospitalization
•Lifestyle and home remedies

16. Complications
•Poor performance or inability to attend
school or work
•Inability to perform daily activities, such
as bathing or dressing
•Withdrawal from friends and family
•Suicide
•Self-injury
•Anxiety and phobias
•Depression

17. Contd…
•Abuse of alcohol, drugs or prescription
medications
•Poverty
•Homelessness
•Family conflicts
•Inability to live independently
•Health problems
•Being a victim of aggressive behavior
•Aggressive behavior

18. CHILDHOOD
DEPRESSION

19. DEFINITION
•Being unable to enjoy activities that
they once enjoyed, complaining about
physical ailments, or may seem bored
and have problems concentrating,
among other symptoms.

20. INCIDENCE
• Each year depression affects 17 million
people of all age groups, races, and
economic backgrounds
•1 in every 33 children may have
depression
• In teens, that number may be as high
as 1 in 8

21. CAUSES
•Lowered levels of neurotransmitters in
the brain
•Genetics
•Significant life events
• Stress
•Chronic illness.

22. TYPES
•Major depression
•Dysthymia
•Bipolar disorder

23. CLINICAL FEATURES
•Changes in appetite
•Changes in sleep
•Continuous feelings of sadness or
hopelessness
•Difficulty concentrating
•Fatigue and low energy
•Feelings of worthlessness or guilt

24. Contd..
•Impaired thinking or concentration
•Increased sensitivity to rejection
•Irritability or anger
•Physical complaints
•Reduced ability to function
•Social withdrawal
•Thoughts of death or suicide
•Vocal outbursts or crying.

25. DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES
•History
•Mental status examination
•Laboratory tests
•Imaging studies
 X-ray, scan, or other imaging study

26. TREATMENT
•Addressing any medical conditions
•Supportive therapy
•Psychotherapy
Interpersonal therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy
•Complementary therapies
•Medications

27. Complications
•Poor academic performance
•Engaging in alcohol and drug abuse
•Job disruptions
• Family and other social upheaval
during adulthood.

28. 3. National Regulations
Assessment and ratings
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29. Questions?