Chilli Thrips PPT by Mohit Kondalkar (J)

“An Overview : Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) biology, distribution and management”.� 
*Introduction
*Production
*Identification of pest
*Nature of damge
*Efficacy of selected insecticides
*Case study
*Result and discussion
*Conclusion

1. WELCOME

2. CREDIT SEMINAR ON “ An Overview : Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) biology, distribution and management ”.   SUBMITTED BY: Kondalkar Mohit Liladhar ID.NO:- 21MSENT038 M.Sc.( Agri.) Entomology 3 rd SEMESTER DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY NAINI AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ-211007, U.P., INDIA . (2022-2023 )      

3. SR. NO CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PRODUCTION 3 IDENTIFICATION OF PEST 4 LIFE CYCLE 5 NATURE OF DAMAGE 6 EFFICACY OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES 7 CASE STUDY 8 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 9 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCE

4. INTRODUCTION Chilli ( Capsicum annuum : Solanaceae) is one of the most important profitable spices crop grown all over India. It is an important condiment used for imparting pungency and colour to the food being rich in vitamin A, B, C, oleoresin and red pigment. The Indian chilli is considered to be world famous for two important commercial qualities namely, its colour and pungency levels. Nagaraju and Kumar (2022). India is known as “The Home of Spices”. No Indian meal is considered complete without the tangy and delectable flavor of Indian Spices, locally known as “masala”. Geetha and Selvarani (2017). The pungency in chillies is due to crystalline volatile alkaloid, ‘Capsaicin’. The red colour of chillies is due to the presence of pigment ‘Capsanthin ’ ( Tirkey et al., 2020)

5. PRODUCTION

6. PEST COMPLEX OF CHILLI The major insect pests that attack chilli are aphids ( Myzus persicae Sulzer and Aphis gossypii Glover), mites ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) and thrips ( Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood). In Karnataka, thrips, mites and white flies have been identified as key sucking pests of chilli of which leaf curl caused by mite and thrips is serious . In addition to these, pod borers also cause maximum damage to the crop both during vegetative and fruit formation stages. The crop loss by three major pests, where, 30-50% by thrips ( S. dorsalis ), 30-70% by mites ( P. latus ) and 30-40% by fruit borers Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura . These pests cause serious damage to the chilli crop by direct feeding and transmitting deadly disease called "leaf curl disease" or " Murda complex". Kurbett et al ., (2009)

7. IDENTIFICATION OF PEST EGGS:- Typically oval, whitish to yellowish colored. Eggs are about 0.075mm long and 0.070mm wide and are inserted inside plant tissue. LARVAE:- Two larval stages (first and second instar) 6 to 7 days. The larvae are off white in colour . First Instar transparent short body, longer legs. OVAL SHAPED EGGS FIRST INSTAR LARVAE

8. SECOND INSTAR :- Longer antennae, cylindrical seven-segmented, longer mouth. PRE PUPAE :- Yellowish, antennae short, two pair of external wing. The pre pupal period is short (24 hours). SECOND INSTAR LARVAE PRE-PUPAE

9. PUPAE :- Dark yellow with eyes and ocelli red pigmentation, wing buds are elongate, antennae short and reflected over head. Female pupae with longer pointed abdomen, males have a smaller. The pupal period 2 to 3 days. ADULT :- Almost white on emergence, turning yellowish with incomplete dark stripes on the dorsal surface where the adjacent abdominal segments meet. PUPAE ADULT

10. LIFE CYCLE

11. NATURE OF DAMAGE Damaging stages are nymph and adult. The infested leaves develop crinkles and curled upwards. Elongated petiole. Buds become brittle and drop down. Early stages infestation leads to stunted growth and flower production, fruits are arrested.

12. SR.NO TREATMENTS PERCENT REDUCTION OF THRIPS POPULATION REFERENCES I ST SPRAY MEAN 2 ND SPRAY MEAN POOLED MEAN T1 Acetamiprid 20 SP 20g a.i /ha 93.54 87.08 90.31 Rai and Sarkar(2022) T2 Imidacloprid 70% WG @ 50 g a.i /ha 94.52 94.44 94.50 Thuppukonda and Kumar (2022) T3 Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.15 ml/lit 91.55 91.28 91.41 Lakshmi and Kumar (2021) T4 Fipronil 5% SC @2ml/lit 92.28 95.85 94.06 Nagaraju and Kumar(2022) T5 Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 0.010mg/lit 86.0 86.78 86.39 Neelofor and Kumar (2022) T6 Metarhizium anisopliae 1.15 WP 33.78 33.43 33.60 Samota et.al (2017) T7 Neem oil @2.5 ml 56.71 65.38 61.04 Kumar and Tayde (2017)

13. CASE STUDY CASE STUDY by Thuppukonda and Kumar (2022)

14. CASE STUDY by Kumar and Tayde (2017)

15. CASE STUDY by Nagaraju and Kumar(2022)

16. CASE STUDY by Neelofor and Kumar (2022)

17. CASE STUDY Acetamiprid 20 SP is superior

18. CASE STUDY by Lakshmi and Kumar (2021)

19. CASE STUDY by Samota et.al (2017)

20. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Revealed that, among the different treatments, the lowest per cent population reduction of chilli thrips was recorded in Imidacloprid 70% WG (94.523%) followed by acetamiprid 20% SP (92.313%), Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (90.98%). It is followed by Fipronil 5% SC (88.57%) and Diafenthiuron 50% WP (85.92%), Thiamethoxam 25% WG (84.40%) and Neem oil 1500ppm (81.78%) was the least effective among all treatments. Thuppukonda and Kumar (2022) Among all the treatments lowest per cent reduction of chilli thrips was recorded in Fipronil 5% SC (94.06%). Similar findings made by Venkateswarlu et al. (2021) with (93.82%), Babu et al. (2021) with 92.86%, Indumathi et al. (2017) [7], Tukaram et al. (2017). Nagaraju and Kumar(2022) Results of study on the efficacy of certain insecticides against chilli thrips population are presented in table 1,2,3,and 4. The mean data of all observations regarding the efficacy of different treatments against chilli thrips revealed that all the treatments were significantly effective over the control in reducing the pest population. Spinosad 0.15 ml/ lt recorded highest reduction of thrips population ie ., 0.525 / plant (91.41%) which was significantly superior over control followed by Imidacloprid 0.05 ml/ lt (87.62%), Pymetrozine 0.2 ml/ lt (83.98%), Emamectin benzoate 0.4gm/ lt (80.59%), Acetamiprid 0.05 g/ lt (75.01%), Thiacloprid 0.05 ml/ lt (70.62%) and Acephate 0.75 gm/ lt (62.67%)was least effective among all the treatments. Lakshmi and Kumar (2021)

21. The results suggest that all the treatments of neonicotinoid except dinotefuran 20 SG, performed significantly better than the standard check, acephate 75 SP. The pre-treatment count of thrips during the first season varied between 3.45 and 4.27 per leaf. The highest per cent reduction in thrips population was recorded in A cetamiprid (93.54%) followed by thiamethoxam(90.06%), imidacloprid (88.09%) and Clothianidin(82.35%). Plots treated with thiacloprid recorded 79.67per cent reduction in thrips population and was at par with acephate (79.08%) while dinotefuran was observed to be the most inferior treatment against Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood with 76.01 per cent reduction in population. Rai and Sarkar(2022) The data on percent population reduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis over control on third, seventh and tenth day after spraying revealed that all the treatments were significantly superior over control. Among all the treatments T7 Spinosad 0.15ml/l recorded highest reduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis population i.e., (95.21%) which was significantly superior over control followed by T4 Acetamiprid 1.0 mg/l (88.61%), T2 Diafenthiuron 0.010 mg/l (86.52%), T6 Sixer plus 2ml/l (85.21%),T5 Indoxacarb 0.15 ml/l (83.70%), T3 Mech-333 2ml/l (81.75%), and T1 Neem oil 4 ml/l (78.91%) was least effective to control population of Scirotothrips dorsalis in comparision to other selected insecticides and biopesticides. Neelofor and Kumar (2022)

22. Total ten treatments including untreated control were taken for test their efficacy. On the basis of mean per cent reduction in thrips population in all the three sprays the treatment of acetamiprid (82.62%) was found to be the most effective, followed by thiamethoxam (80.79%), imidacloprid (77.90%), fipronil (76.38%) and standard check (71.92%), former three treatments were statistically at par with each other in their efficacy. The treatments of spinosad and NSKE with 61.65 and 48.95 per cent reduction, formed a moderately effective group of insecticides, however, both were differed significantly to each other. The minimum reduction was noticed in M. anisopliae (33.60%) and B. bassiana (34.86%) and both were comparable to each other. Samota et al. (2017) Among all the treatments Spinosad 0.015% recorded highest reduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis population i.e . (71.21%) which was significantly superior to control followed by Imidacloprid 0.005% (67.58%), Pongamia oil 4% (55.78%) Neem oil 2.5ml/l (55.64%),Garlic sap extract 10g/Lit. (53.03%), NSKE5% (50.03%) and Beauveria bassiana 2gm/Lit (33.36%) was least effective among all the treatments. Kumar and Tayde (2017)

23. CONCLUSION From the critical analysis of various articles as discussed above it is concluded that among all the treatment Imidacloprid 70 % WG recorded highest reduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis population i.e., (94.5%) followed by Fipronil 5% SC (94.06%) ,Spinosad 45 % SC (91.45%), Acetamiprid 20 SP (90.31%) , Diafenthiuron 50% WP (86.39%), Neem oil 2500 ppm (61.04%) and Metarhizium anisopliae 1.15 WP (33.60%).

24. REFERENCE Rai, P., and Sarkar, K. (2022). Efficacy of some promising neonicotinoids against Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood infesting chilli , their impact on the important natural enemies and economic benefits in West Bengal. Journal of Crop and Weed , 18 (2), 253-258. Neelofor , B. S., and Kumar, A. (2022). Comparitive efficacy and cost benefit ratio of selected insecticides and biopesticides against chilli Thrips. The Pharma Innovation Journal 2022; 11 (5): 250-253. Geetha, R., and Selvarani , K. (2017). A study of chilli production and export from India. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education , 3 (2), 205-210. Tirkey , S, S. and Ashwani Kumar. (2017). Efficacy of selected insecticides against chilli thrips { Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood)} on chilli ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Allahabad. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry , 6 (5): 322-324.

25. Samota , R. G., Jat , B. L., and Choudhary, M. D. (2017). Efficacy of newer insecticides and biopesticides against thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in chilli. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry , 6 (4), 1458-1462 Nagaraju , R., and Kumar, A. (2022). Comparative field efficacy of selected insecticides against chilli thrips ( Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) on chilli at Naini , Prayagraj (UP). The Pharma Innovation Journal , 2389-2392. Lakshmi, K. S. I., and Kumar, A. (2021). Efficacy of selected insecticides against chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) on chilli, Capsicum annum Linnaeus. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2021; 9 (1): 126-130. Thuppukonda , M and Kumar, A. (2022). Efficacy of selected insecticides against chilli thrips ( Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) The Pharma Innovation Journal , 11 (5): 591-595. Kurbett , A., Gopali , J., Allolli , T., Patil, S., Kumar, V. and Kurbett , K. (2018). Evaluation of different IPM modules against pest complex of chilli (cv. Byadgi dabbi ). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies , 6 (2): 1991-1996.

26. THANK YOU