Chlorophyceae.pptx

Chlorophyceae Micro-algal Technology

1. MICROALGAL TECNNOLOGY CHLOROPHYCEAE M.SANGEETHA I-MSC MICROBIOLOGY VIVEKANANDHA ART’S AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN SANKAGIRI ,SALEM, TAMILNADU DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY VIVEKANANDHA ART’S AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN SANKAGIRI

2. Introduction 9 O rders Salient features of chlorophyceae Economic importan t of chlorophyceae Contents

3. INTRODUCTION OF CHLOROPHYCEAE Fresh water or marine algae, with unicellular or multicellular body. Cells are eukaryotic, containing cellulose in the cell wall. Chief pigments include Chlorophyll a and b Alpha carotenes Beta carotenes Gamma carotenes Lycopene Hexanthin Lentin Violaxanthin Astaxanthin .

4. 1.Volvocales 2.Chlorococcales 3.Ulotrichales 4.Cladophorales 5.Chaetophorales 6.Oedogoniales 7.Conjugales 8.Siphonales 9.Charales 9 Orders

5. 1.Volcocales Eg - C hlamydomonas They are typically found in bodies of fresh water. Some are cultivated on the surface of the soil as well as in marine and brackish waters. The plant’s body, or thallus , can be single or multicellular (many-celled), and multicellular plants typically live in colonies.

6. 2.Chlorococcales Eg - Pediastrum Almost exclusively freshwater-based, unicellular or colonial, and non-motile when in the vegetative state.

7. 3.Cheatophorales Chaetophorales members are typically found in freshwater. Although the plant body is filamentous and exhibits a prominent heterotrichous (prostrate + erect system) habit, Coleochaete has a well-developed prostrate system (creeping), while Microthamnion has a well-developed erect system. Eg - cephaleurous

8. 4.Ulotricales Eg - ulothrix They are mostly found on soil or in freshwater bodies of water (like Ulothrix ), however, a few are marine (e.g., Ulva , Enteromorpha ). The body of a plant is typically unbranched and filamentous, however, in the ulvaceae family, it is parenchymatous or foliaceous . Cells have a single uninucleate nucleus and different forms of chloroplast, including axial, parietal, and C-shaped chloroplast.

9. 5.Cladophorales Eg - cladophore Simple or branched, filamentous, usually isogamous Cells containing two too many nuclei and large, elaborate chloroplasts

10. 6.Oedogoniales Eg - oedogonium The majority of the members thrive in freshwater. Only three genera represent the order. Oedogomium Oedocladium Bulbochaete They are filamentous, and the filaments can either be unbranched or branched ( Oedocladium and Bulbo­chaete ) ( Oedogomium ). The apical and basal regions of the plant body are distinct from one another .

11. 7.Siphonales Eg - codium Siphonales consist primarily of marine species. A few are freshwater species. A few of the members develop as endophytes or epiphytes. The thalloid plant body is coenocytic , multinucleate, and variably branching. Plant bodies can range from being very branching filamentous types to simple vesicular types ( Protosiphon ). Small, discoid chromatophores are widely dispersed throughout the thallus .

12. 8.Conjucales Eg - spirogyra They are primarily unicellular or colonial (typically filamen­tous), have complex chloroplasts, and motile gametes Reproduce only in freshwater through vegetative cell division or the conjugation of amoeboid gametes.

13. 9.Charles Eg - chara A muddy or sandy bottom in fresh water, as well as water flowing through limestone, are common habitats for them. Plants are typically up to 30 cm long, very upright, and very branching.

14. Salient features of chlorophyceae Chlorophyceae commonly called as green algae. Mostly aquatic (fresh water or marine), few terrestrial. Shape of chloroplast differs. It may be cup shaped ( Chlamydomonas ) or girdle – shaped or reticulate, or stellate . Chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ are photosynthetic pigments. Pyrenoids store starch & also proteins. Outer cell wall is made of pectin and inner is cellulose. Vegetative reproduction is by fragmentation. Asexual reproduction by zoospores, aplanospores and akinetes . Sexual reproduction may be isogamous , anisogamous or oogamous . E.g. Chlamydomonas , Volvox and Spirogyra

15. Economic Importants Chlorophycae is used as food; chlorella is known to produce food which is rich in proteins, vitamins, fats, and minerals. It is also used in space research to fight for oxygen, food, removal of carbon dioxide, and organic matter. It is even used as Larvicide as it gathers calcium over its surface and killes larva of different sides producing organism. It is even used in the sewage tank as certain green algae like chlorella, Scenedesmus and Chlamydomonus cause oxidation of sewage tank and clean up. It is also used as antibiotics as Chlorella yields antibiotic type called the chlorellin .