Chlorophytum borivillianum and their phyto chemical or constituents

Chlorophytum borivillianum and their phyto chemical or constituents presents in the plant.

1. Chlorophytum borivillianum L. Presented by Surabhi sarma M.Sc. 3rd sem HAPPRC

2. INTRODUCTION Chlorophytum borivilianum is a native of India, used and grown as a medicinal plant . An important medicinal plant known as ‘Safed musli’, used in many Ayurvedic vital tonics. There are about 256 species of Chlorophytum and 17 among them are found in India. The M.P.B has recognized safed musli as 6 th important herb to be protected and promoted.

3. CLASSIFICATION Botanical name : C hlorophytum borivilianum Vernacular name: safed musli, musli Trade name : Nai chetna Family : Asparagaceae ( Liliaceae) Status : Rare in nature Parts uses: Tuber roots Used as : Tonic

4. DISCRIPTION They grow to 10–60 cm tall, with a rosette of long, slender leaves 15–75 cm long and 0.5–2 cm broad , tubers can be grown upto a depth of 25 cm, growing from a thick, fleshy rhizome. The flowers are small, usually white, produced on sparse panicles up to 120 cm long; in some species the panicle also bears plantlets, which take root on touching the ground .

5. ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia . Also cultivated in USA and England. In India its mainly distributed in southern Rajasthan, north Gujarat and western Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and etc.

6. VARIETIES OF CHLOROPHYTUM Chlorophytum C. comosum C. oceanum borivillianum

7. Chlorophytum laxum Chlorophytum capanse

8. USES Its tubers roots are used in A yurvedic medicines, roots are used for the preparation of nutritive tonic used in general sexual weakness. Strengthens immunity, Diabetes , Leucorrhea, Obesity. For therapeutic application in Ayurveda , Unani , Allpathic . It is essential part of a traditional diet of mothers (after delivery) in the form of Laddoos.

9. NUTRIENTS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS The tuberous roots of Musli herbs contains- Carbohydrates Proteins Saponins Alkaloids Fiber Safed Musli has very good Ayurvedic medicinal use. It is rich source of over 25 alkaloids, vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, steroid, seponins and polysaccharides, resins, phenol and mucilage content.

10. Chemical composition Content(%) Carbohydrates 35-45 Proteins 5-10 Fiber 23-35 Saponins 2-15 Alkaloids 15-25

11. CLIMATE AND SOILS A plant of tropical climate requiring an annual rainfall of about 800-1200mm for its proper growth . Grown in hot and subtropical climate Well drained sandy loam soils rich in organic matter is suitable for cultivating this crop. . Acidic soils should be avoided.

12. land preparation Land preparation begins with one to two deep ploughings . Land should be harrowed to make it loose and friable .

13. Raised beds of 60-75cm width and 15-45cm height are prepared. Sufficient number of irrigation channels are made around the bed for proper drainage of water.

14. PLANTING Tubers or fingers collected from previous crop can be used for propagating Musli. Tubers weighing 5-10g can be used as a whole for planting. Around 2,00,000 propagules can be planted in an area of one hectare.

15. SOWING Two month old Musli saplings begins to produce small black coloured seeds resembling the seeds of onion. One hectare area would require about 18-20 kg seed. Seeds are reported to have a dormancy period upto 10 months.

16. FERTILIZERs 12-15 tonnes per hectare of well decomposed FYM should be applied during land preparation. Organic manure @30-35 tonnes / hac is applied to take care of the major and micronutrient requirement of the crops and also soil condition Though the use of chemical fertiliser is beneficial, it should be avoided as far as possible.

17. IRRIGATION Irrigation with an interval of 10 days is a must after a prolonged dry spell. Should be irrigated in every 20-22 days for better growth and development of the crops. It should be ensured that the land is kept wet/moist till the crop is harvested.

18. INTERCROPPING It is economical to grow musli as an inter-crop with Lemon, Papaya, Poplar. INTERCULTURE:- 2-3 weeding are required in August, November and April month.

19. WEEDS AND PLANT PROTECTION Two to three weeding in done in initial stage of growth to check the weeds. Spraying of Neem or Chrysanthemum or Tabacco or application of Trichoderma done for the control of diseases like leaf spot, anthracnoose, wilt and etc.

20. SOME HOST OF CHLOROPHYTUM

21. HARVESTING 90-95 days after planting the leaves start drying up. At this stage it should be left in the field for another 1-2 months with light irrigation. Tubers may be harvested in the month of January without any damage to the crown. Fully mature tubers are brownish black in colour Hence it is advisable to harvest the entire crop in the second year for both tubers for sale as well as for planting material.

22. POST HARVEST Tubers are washed under running water to remove soil and any adhering particles. The skin is peeled off either by hand after wetting or by rubbing it with the stone or by a knife. They are dried properly, under the sun for 2-3 days so that it looses excess moisture and is completely dry. Dried musli is packed in polythene bags to prevent entry of moisture and any other possible damage before marketing it. Fresh tubers reduces to about 20-25 percent upon drying. Grading of tubers is done into high, medium and low based on quality of tubers. Best quality tubers are those which are white without any brown patches.

23. YIELD Economic yield of tubers is obtained up to 7 years after which it begins to decline. The annual yield of dry tubers is 1000 kg per hectare.

24. ECONOMICS OF CULTIVATION Market price of the planting material ranges from Rs. 300 to 500 per kg. EXPENDITURE PER HECTARE, DURATION : 18 MONTHS PARTICULARS QTY. RATE(Rs.) TOTAL(Rs.) Planting material 10 q/ha 450/Kg. 4,50,000 FYM 12 tonnes 500/tons 6,000 Land preparation & ploughing 3 ploughings 3,750 Bed preparation 5,000 Fertilizer, spray & other nutrients 5,000 Green manure & mulching 12,500 Weeding & hoeing Twice 7,500 Sowing 5,000 Uprooting and Washing 12,500 Miscellaneous 10,000 Skin removal & drying 1000Kg. 100/Kg 1,00,000 TOTAL EXPENSES 6,17,250

25. Some product of Cholophytum found in market.