CHN II FN HISTORY.pptx

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING -II
FN HISTORY

1. INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PREPARED BY, MRS.M.JOSEPHINE DAYANA, TUTOR 1

2. COURSE : B.Sc Nurisng IV Year SUBJECT : Community Health Nursing II UNIT : I – Introduction to community health Nursing TOPIC : Historical Development of Community Health Nursing PREPARED BY : Mrs. M.JOSEPHINE DAYANA, B.Sc (Nursing ) 2 2

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES The students will be able to: define health and community health nursing describe historical development of community health nursing 3 3

4. UNIT CONTENTS Introduction Definition Historical Development of Community Health Nursing 3.1.Ancient Period 3.1.1. Vedhic Era 3.1.2. Post Vedhic Era 3.1.3. Mougal Era 3.2. Pre Independence Period 3.2.1. British Era 3.2.2. Basic Science Era 3.2.3. Clinical Science Era 3.3. Post Independence Period 3.3.1. Public Health Science Era 3.3.2. Political Science Era 4 4

5. 1.INTRODUCTION Community health nursing is the synthesis of nursing and public health practice applied to promote and protect the health of population. It combines all the basic elements of professional, clinical nursing with public health and community practice In order to understand the evolution of community health nursing in India, it is essential to know the evolution of community health in India 5

6. 2.DEFINITION Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing and public health practice applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations. -Treat “ Population as a Whole” -Focus on individual, family, groups and community -Utilizing Health promotion, health maintenance, health education, and management, coordination, and continuity of care for meeting population needs. -ANA 2000 6

7. 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 7

8. 3.1 ANCIENT PERIOD In 1400 BC Ayurvedha and Siddha systems of medicine advocated holistic health care i.e., taking care of physical, mental and spiritual aspects of life simultaneously in an integrated way to have sound body, mind and useful life. The care to sick people in their own homes and hospitals was done by old women and men 8

9. 3.1 ANCIENT PERIOD 9

10. 3.1.1 VEDHIC ERA 10

11. 3.1.1 VEDHIC ERA Ayurvedha and Siddha Sytems of medicine came into existence which suggested development of comprehensive concept of health Ayurvedha practiced thorughout the India but the Siddha system is practiced in tamilnadu Dhanvanthri is the Hindu god of medicine is said to have been born as a result of the churning of oceans during a tug of war between gods and demons. 11

12. 3.1.1 VEDHIC ERA Atreya (about 800 BC) is acknowledged as the first great Indian Physician and teacher He lived in the anicient university of takshashila Charaka compiled his famous treatise on medicine, the “ charaka samhita ” He explained about 500 drugs He was a first physician to explain the concept of digestion, metabolism, immunity, genetics and drugs 12

13. 3.1.1 VEDHIC ERA Shusruta - Father of Indian surgery. He performed so many surgeries in ancient India eg.Amputation , tumor extraction, hernia repair and plastic surgery 13

14. 3.1.2 POST VEDHIC PERIOD 14

15. 3.1.2 POST VEDHIC PERIOD King Ashoka and other Buddhist kings established Ayurvedha hospitals and schools of medicine in India King Ashoka patronozed Ayurvedha as state medicine Monastic universities were set up in Takshashila and Nalanda to train doctors by him 15

16. 3.1.3 MOUGAL ERA 16

17. 3.1.3 MOUGAL ERA Mughal period: In this period introduced unani system of medicine Ayurvedha started to decline Exchange of thoughts and experience between the Hindu, Arab, Persians, Greek and Jewish scholars 17

18. 3.2 PRE INDEPENDENCE PERIOD India claims to have the largest number of practitioners of homeopathy medicine in the work Military Nursing started. In 1664 East india company started hospital for soldiers in a house at fort St George, madras 18

19. 3.2 PRE INDEPENDENCE PERIOD 19

20. 3.2.1 BRITISH ERA 20

21. 3.2.1 BRITISH ERA Homeopathy was introduced by Samuel Hahnemann during 1810-1839 The first real development of modern public health in India took place in 1859 when the administration of India was take over from east India company by the crown British soldiers were died because of poor sanitation conditions. 21

22. 3.2.1 BRITISH ERA Royal Commission: In 1859 A Royal Commission was appointed in India to investigate the causes of unhealthy conditions prevailing in British Army stationed in India. The commission recommended that there was a need in each presidency to protect the water supply, construction of drains and prevention of epidemics in civil population. 22

23. 3.2.2 BASIC SCIENCE ERA 23

24. 3.2.2 BASIC SCIENCE ERA This period(1850 – 1900) witnessed the invention of microscope, thermometer, BP apparatus and other tools for detection and measurement of diseases. Laboratory investigations were carried out to make. This peirod was called as bacteria –oriented or disease oriented era. 24

25. 3.2.2 BASIC SCIENCE ERA FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE: Florence Nightingale studied the public health conditions in India and suggested the preventive measures for it She suggested the measures for the welfare of the army She suggested the system of nursing for hospitals in India She motivated to start the nursing training schools in India 25

26. 3.2.2 BASIC SCIENCE ERA In 1871 the first Nursing Training School started in Government General Hospital, Madras Separate clinical facilities for wounded soldiers in st.george fort. During 1874-90 Christian Mission Hospitals in India started training course for nurses The Roman Catholic Nuns served as nurses in many Government Hospitals in India as well as in Hospitals run by religious orders 26

27. 3.2.2 BASIC SCIENCE ERA First School of Nursing established in St.Stephen Hospital, New Delhi 1890-1900 so many Nursing schools established by the government and mission hospitals In 1881 First Indian Factories Act was passed and First all India Census was taken. In 1885 Local self Government Act was passed 27

28. 3.2.2 BASIC SCIENCE ERA In 1888 Government directed that local bodies should be responsible for sanitation. 28

29. 3.2.3 CLINICAL SCIENCE ERA 29

30. 3.2.3 CLINICAL SCIENCE ERA This is an period(1900-1950) which witnessed her individual centered or patient centered approach for taking care of the health and illness of the people. Clinical instructions and bed side teaching started in the field of medical education. The development of clinical techniques was initiated in medical science and technology 30

31. 3.2.3 CLINICAL SCIENCE ERA In 1930 All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health was established with aid from the Rockfeller at Kolkatta . In 1931 A Maternal Child Welfare Bureau was established by IRC Society In 1935 All the health activities in the country were grouped as under the control of (a) Central (b) Central cum provincial (c) Provincial Government 31

32. 3.2.3 CLINICAL SCIENCE ERA In 1937 A central Advisory Board of health was set up In 1939 Madras Public Health Act was passed Rural Health Training Centre at Srinagar established. 32

33. 3.2.3 CLINICAL SCIENCE ERA In 1939 The Tuberculosis Association of India is started to control the tuberculosis burden in the country. Various Acts were passed during this period to promote health of the public. In 1943 A Health survey and development committee( Bhore Committee) was appointed by under the chairman of sir Joseph Bhore 33

34. 3.3 POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD In 1946 Bhore committee report was submitted The National Government took up the responsibility of improving health of people with the Bhore Committee’s report Ministry of health was established at Central and State level. Indian Nursing Council is started to set the nursing standard in India. 34

35. 3.3 POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD In 1946 two colleges of nursing were started one each in Delhi and Vellore and offered B.Sc nursing degree in nursing The public health nursing was integrated in the curriculum The graduates from these colleges could work as public health nurses All the B.Sc Nursing colleges in India prepare nurses in Public Health Nursing In 1948 – India joined as a member of WHO ESI Act was passed 35

36. 3.3 POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD Environment Hygiene Committee was published In 1950 – Planning commission was set up in India Central Food Technological Institute was established In 1951 Planning commission initiates First five year plan began BCG Vaccination programme launched Central Drug Research Institute was opened at Lucknow 36

37. 3.3 POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD 37

38. 3.3.1 PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE ERA 38

39. 3.3.1 PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE ERA In this period(1950-1975) In this period prevention oriented approach started. It was initiated by our ancient indians It is being called era of Community centered approach in which diagnosis and treatment at community level emerged, clinical public health instructions, community-side teachings were included in the field of medical education Studies related to community development, community measurement and criteria planning techniques also started 39

40. 3.3.1 PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE ERA Integration of social sciences, and public health sciences in this era took place In 1952 diploma courses in Public Health was started in College of Nursing, Delhi. In 1953 it was shifted to All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health. Kolkata Similar course was established in many other places In 1953 Model Public Health Act Committee was appointed 40

41. 3.3.1 PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE ERA Various Health programmes were established like Malaria, Filaria , etc. In 1959 Public Heath Nursing was included in General Nursing and Midwifery programme. From 1952 onwards Auxillary Nurse Midwives(ANM) have been trained to provide Primary Health Care services in the villages under the supervision and guidance of Lady Health Visitor/Female Health Supervisors and Public Health Nurses. 41

42. 3.3.1 PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE ERA Since 1962 Community Health Nursing is one of the speciality area in Master of Nursing Education Programme 42

43. 3.3.2 POLITICAL SCIENCE ERA 43

44. 3.3.2 POLITICAL SCIENCE ERA From 1975 to tilldate period the involvement of the community leaders and the members of the community in planning and implementation of the health programmes was practiced at this stage. The national level health planning was established by political authorities of particular country by involving national international health agencies to provide health for all 44

45. 3.3.2 POLITICAL SCIENCE ERA The people- centered approach has been emphasized in this era. Community health has now entered an era of individual responsibilities and community participation The traditional role of medical persons has been shifted from diagnosis and treatment of individual illness to treatment of all health hazards of community 45

46. 3.3.2 POLITICAL SCIENCE ERA Community diagnosis is based on collection and interpretation of relevant data related to distribution of population according to age, sex, educational status, marital status, religion, caste, birthdate , death date, prevalence of disease etc., From 1978 onwards ANM are designated as Multipurpose Health Worker Female(MHFW). 46

47. 3.3.2 POLITICAL SCIENCE ERA The health visitor training is stopped and the existing health visitors are re designated as Health Supervisor-Female Doctorate in Nursing also initiated during 19 th century 47

48. SUMMARY Community health nursing is one of the professions/disciplines which operates within the realms/domain of community health and helps in meeting health and nursing needs of the community Development in the broader sense is not only the improvement or progress in the community health resources but individual progress in the professional aspect of a community health nurse 48

49. REFERENCES Park.K (2019) , “Textbook of preventive and social medicine” 25 th edition, Banarridas Bhanot publishers Judith Ann Allender & Barabara walton , “Community Health Nursing – Concept and Practices” 7 th Edition, Lippincott Publishers Marcia Stanhope, “Public Health Nursing” 9 th Edition. Elsevier Publications Prof.Dr.E . Vijay, “Textbook of Community Medicine” 2 nd edition, Beacon zen publishers 49

50. EXPECTED QUESTIONS Essay: (10 marks) Describe about the historical development of community health nursing Short Notes: ( 5 marks) Explain the development of community health nursing in british period Discuss about the development of nursing in Ancient period Short Answers:(2 marks) List out the eras of community health nursing development 50 50

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